{"id":45263,"date":"2025-10-08T17:55:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T17:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/uncategorized\/analysis-of-volatile-organic-compounds-and-odorants-in-drinking-water-via-hs-spme-arrow-gc-ms\/"},"modified":"2025-12-11T13:34:36","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T13:34:36","slug":"analysis-of-volatile-organic-compounds-and-odorants-in-drinking-water-via-hs-spme-arrow-gc-ms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/application-notes-it\/evan4283\/analysis-of-volatile-organic-compounds-and-odorants-in-drinking-water-via-hs-spme-arrow-gc-ms","title":{"rendered":"Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds and Odorants in Drinking Water via HS-SPME Arrow-GC-MS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Volatile organic compounds are commonly tested in drinking water to ensure safety for consumption. Additionally, odorants, like methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin, are of interest due to their off-putting aromas. It is of interest to combine these methods, which are typically run separately, into one method to achieve higher sample throughput. Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) using the SPME Arrow is of great interest due to its ability to combine sample preparation and sample introduction into one device. The SPME Arrow\u2019s ability to be automated using a rail-type autosampler lends itself to creating an even greater advantage in minimizing time spent preparing samples. The present method utilizes a simplified sample preparation workflow combined with Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to determine VOCs and odorants in drinking water. This method shows a span of calibration ranges achieving r<sup>2<\/sup> values of 0.923-0.999 (average: 0.998); % residual standard errors (%RSEs) of 2-27% (average: 6%); analytical precisions of 2-15% RSDs (average: 4% RSD); and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.0029-3.033 ng\/mL (ppb, average: 0.223 ng\/mL).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly tested for in water due to their known toxicity and impact on human health. While odor compounds, like 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin, do not pose a health risk, they are commonly tested for due to their off-putting, earthy, and musty taste and odor [1]. The analysis of VOCs and odor compounds is typically separated into two different analyses. By combining these methods, higher throughput and laboratory efficiency can be achieved. An approach to determine the presence of these compounds in water is Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) is presented here.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Experimental<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preparation of VOCs and Odor Solutions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Restek\u2019s Drinking Water Odor Standard (cat# 30608) and a custom VOC standard (see Restek\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/GNSS3848\/simplify-workflows-and-increase-certainty-with-restek-custom-reference-standards\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"43848\">custom reference standards<\/a>) were used for method development. Additionally, three internal standards (ISTDs) were selected: fluorobenzene (cat# 30030); 1,4-dioxane-d8 (cat# 30614); and 4-bromofluorobenzene (cat# 30026). Individual working solutions were prepared in methanol for each calibration point for both the VOCs and Odors, and Method Detection Limits (MDL) were determined. The final sample size for this method was 5 mL in a 20 mL HS vial. After identifying the concentrations for the calibration and MDL, the working solution concentrations were calculated for making a 10 \u00b5L addition to reach the desired final concentrations. See Tables I &amp; II for working solution concentrations and their corresponding calibration concentrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table I:<\/strong> VOC Calibration and Working Solutions Concentrations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>VOCs<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Level<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Calibration Concentration (ppb, ng\/mL)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Working Solution Concentration (ppb, ng\/mL)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>0.2<\/td><td>100<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>250<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>500<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>1000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>5<\/td><td>2500<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>5000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>12,500<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>75<\/td><td>37,500<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>200<\/td><td>100,000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table II:<\/strong> Odorants Calibration and Working Solution Concentrations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>Odorants<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Level<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Calibration Concentration (ppb, ng\/mL)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Working Solution Concentration (ppb, ng\/mL)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>0.001<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>0.002<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>0.004<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>0.008<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>0.016<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>0.032<\/td><td>16<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>0.064<\/td><td>32<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>0.128<\/td><td>64<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>0.256<\/td><td>128<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A working solution of the three selected ISTDs was prepared in methanol. The working solution was prepared at 10 \u00b5g\/mL (ppm). Once calibration and MDL samples were prepared, the samples were then spiked with the 50 \u00b5L of the working solution to reach a final concentration of 100 ng\/mL (ppb) in the final sample.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MDLs for each compound were determined similar to method detection limits per the procedure as dictated by the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) [2]. In following this procedure, seven replicate injections were made at low-level spikes (VOCs at 0.002 and 2 ng\/mL, Odors at 0.008 ng\/mL). See Table III for MDL spike concentrations. The standard deviation of these results was then multiplied by the student\u2019s t-value of 3.143 to determine the MDL. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for each compound was determined as 10 times (10x) the standard deviation of the MDL samples.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table III:<\/strong> MDL Spike Levels<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>#<\/td><td><strong>Compo<\/strong><strong>und<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>MDL Concentration (ng\/mL, ppb)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>Chloroethene<\/td><td>0.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>1,1-Dichloroethene<\/td><td>0.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Dichloromethane<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>trans-1,2-Dichloroethene<\/td><td>0.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>MTBE<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>cis-1,2-Dichloroethene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>Chloroform<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>Carbon Tetrachloride<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>1,1,1-Trichloroethane<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>Benzene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td>1,2-Dichloroethane<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>Trichloroethene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td>1,2-Dichloropropane<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td>Bromodichloromethane<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td>1,4-Dioxane<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td>cis-1,3-Dichloropropene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>Toluene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td>Tetrachloroethene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td>trans-1,3-Dichloropropene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td>Dibromochloromethane<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21<\/td><td>m,p-Xylene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22<\/td><td>o-Xylene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>23<\/td><td>Bromoform<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>24<\/td><td>1,2-Dichlorobenzene<\/td><td>0.02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25<\/td><td>2-Methylisoborneol<\/td><td>0.008<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>26<\/td><td>Geosmin<\/td><td>0.008<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HS-SPME Arrow-GC-MS Parameters<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>All results were obtained using HS-SPME Arrow-GC-MS. HS-SPME Arrow, GC, and MS parameters can be found in Table IV, V, and VI respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table IV:<\/strong> HS-SPME Arrow Parameters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>CTC PAL Parameters<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sampling Mode<\/td><td>Headspace<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPME Device<\/td><td>1.10 mm SPME Arrow (cat.# 28903-1)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPME Phase<\/td><td>120 \u00b5m CWR\/PDMS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vial Penetration Depth<\/td><td>45 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Injector Penetration Depth<\/td><td>50 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Incubation Temperature\/Time<\/td><td>30 \u00b0C\/120 s<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Extraction Temperature\/Time<\/td><td>30 \u00b0C\/120 s<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desorption Temperature\/Time<\/td><td>280 \u00b0C\/1 min<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Conditioning Temperature\/Time<\/td><td>280 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pre Conditioning<\/td><td>1 min<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Post Conditioning<\/td><td>0 min<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table V:<\/strong> GC Parameters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Agilent 7890B\/5977B GC-<strong>A<strong>Agilent 7890B\/5977B GC-MS Parameters<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Column<\/td><td>Rtx-VMS\u2013 30 m x 0.25 mm x 1.40 \u00b5m (cat# 19915)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Injection Mode<\/td><td>Split (15:1)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Injection Volume<\/td><td>See CTC PAL Parameters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Liner<\/td><td>Topaz 1.8 mm ID Straight\/SPME Inlet Liner (cat# 23280)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Injection Temperature<\/td><td>280 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Purgle Flow<\/td><td>3 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oven<\/td><td>35 \u00b0C (hold 3 min) to 60 \u00b0C at 8 \u00b0C\/min (hold 0 min) to 280 \u00b0C (hold 3 min) at 30 \u00b0C\/min; Total time = 16.46 min<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Carrier Gas<\/td><td>He, constant flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flow Rate<\/td><td>2.0 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Detector<\/td><td>HES &#8211; MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mode<\/td><td>SIM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transfer Line Temperature<\/td><td>260 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Source Temperature&nbsp;<\/td><td>325 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Quad Temperature<\/td><td>200 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Acquisition Range<\/td><td>29 &#8211; 300 amu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rate<\/td><td>5.1 scans\/sec<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table VI:<\/strong>&nbsp;MS SIM Parameters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"3\"><strong>5977B MS SIM Parameters<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Group #<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Start Time<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Mass, Dwell Time<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 1<\/td><td>0 min<\/td><td>(62, 30) (64, 15)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 2<\/td><td>1.8 min<\/td><td>(61, 15) (96, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 3<\/td><td>2.3 min<\/td><td>(49,30) (57, 30) (61, 30) (73, 30) (84, 30) (96, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 4<\/td><td>3.5 min<\/td><td>(61, 30) (96, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 5<\/td><td>4.3 min &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/td><td>(47, 30) (61, 30) (82,30) (83, 30) (97, 30) (117,30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 6<\/td><td>4.9 min<\/td><td>(52 ,30) (78, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 7<\/td><td>5.3 min<\/td><td>(49, 30) (62, 30) (70, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 8<\/td><td>6.2 min<\/td><td>(63, 30) (76, 30) (83, 30) (129, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 9<\/td><td>6.75 min<\/td><td>(57, 15) (64, 15) (88, 15) (96, 15)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 10<\/td><td>7.1 min<\/td><td>(65, 30) (75, 30) (91, 30) (110, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 11<\/td><td>7.6 min<\/td><td>(75, 30) (79, 30) (110, 30) (129, 30) (166, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 12<\/td><td>8.4 min<\/td><td>(91, 30) (93, 30) (106, 30) (173, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 13<\/td><td>9.1 min<\/td><td>(95, 30) (174, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 14<\/td><td>9.6 min<\/td><td>(111, 30) (146, 30)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Group 15<\/td><td>10.5 min<\/td><td>(95, 30) (107, 30) (135, 30)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Results and Discussion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The separation of VOCs and odor compounds is shown in Figure 1. Method performance can be seen in Table VII. The calibration for the VOCs spanned from 0.2-200 ng\/mL, while the odors calibration ranged from 0.001-0.256 ng\/mL. The calibrations were assessed for each targeted compound, leading to different calibration ranges depending on the compound of interest. These differences are attributed to the SPME Arrows phase capacity and the extraction rate of each compound by the SPME Arrow phase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The calibration r<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;values ranged from 0.923-0.999 (average 0.998). A better assessment of each calibration is evaluating the % Residual Standard Error (%RSE), which tests each calibration level to the respective calibration curve. The %RSE across all compounds ranged from 2-27% (average: 6%). The two outliers being dichloromethane and 1,4-dioxane with %RSE values of 18% and 27%. All other compounds fell between 2-10% RSE. Method precision was evaluated from the seven replicate injections, showing %RSDs (Relative Standard Deviation) ranging from 2-15% (average: 4%). This falls within the typical method acceptance criteria of +\/- 30%. Finally, the LOQs ranged from 0.0029-3.033 ng\/mL (ppb, average: 0.223 ng\/mL).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Analysis of VOCs and Odors in Drinking Water via HS-SPME Arrow-GC-MS<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 1:\u00a0<\/strong>Analysis of VOCs and Odors in Drinking Water via HS-SPME-Arrow-GC-MS<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image wide-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1517.png\" alt=\"Analysis of VOCs and Odors in Drinking Water via HS-SPME Arrow-GC-MS\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> GC_EV1517<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1517.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Table VII:&nbsp;<\/strong>Method Performance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Peak #<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Compound<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ret. Time (min)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Calibration Range (ng\/mL, ppb)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Calibration Fit &amp; Weighting<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>r<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Calibration (%RSE)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>LOQ<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Method Precision (%RSD)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>Chlorethene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>1.20<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>4%<\/td><td>0.078<\/td><td>4%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>1,1-Dichloroethene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>2.07<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.991<\/td><td>9%<\/td><td>0.124<\/td><td>6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Dichloromethane<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>2.63<\/td><td>2-200<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>18%<\/td><td>3.033<\/td><td>15%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td><em>trans<\/em>-1,2-Dichloroethene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>2.80<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>2%<\/td><td>0.035<\/td><td>2%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>MTBE<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>2.94<\/td><td>0.2-10<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>3%<\/td><td>0.059<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td><em>cis<\/em>-1,2-Dichloroethene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>4.15<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>4%<\/td><td>0.056<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>Chloroform<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>4.50<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.998<\/td><td>5%<\/td><td>0.063<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>Carbon Tetrachloride<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>4.61<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>4%<\/td><td>0.058<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>1,1,1-Trichloroethane<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>4.70<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.997<\/td><td>8%<\/td><td>0.06<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>Benzene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>5.18<\/td><td>0.2-75<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.998<\/td><td>5%<\/td><td>0.004<\/td><td>2%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td>1,2-Dichloroethane<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>5.46<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>4%<\/td><td>0.009<\/td><td>4%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>Trichloroethene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>5.96<\/td><td>0.2-75<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>4%<\/td><td>0.097<\/td><td>5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td>1,2-Dichloropropane<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>6.58<\/td><td>0.2-75<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.996<\/td><td>9%<\/td><td>0.05<\/td><td>2%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td>Bromodichloromethane<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>6.68<\/td><td>0.2-75<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>4%<\/td><td>0.05<\/td><td>2%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td>1,4-Dioxane<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>6.76<\/td><td>2-200<\/td><td>Linear, 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.923<\/td><td>27%<\/td><td>0.895<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td><em>cis<\/em>-1,3-Dichloropentane<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>7.27<\/td><td>0.2-200<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.997<\/td><td>5%<\/td><td>0.041<\/td><td>2%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>Toluene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>7.45<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>3%<\/td><td>0.123<\/td><td>6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td>Tetrachloroethene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>7.73<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>2%<\/td><td>0.042<\/td><td>2%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td><em>trans<\/em>-1,3-Dichloropropene<sup>1<\/sup><\/td><td>7.79<\/td><td>0.2-200<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.997<\/td><td>5%<\/td><td>0.058<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td>Dibromochloromethane<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td>8.01<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>2%<\/td><td>0.047<\/td><td>2%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21<\/td><td><em>m,p<\/em>-Xylene<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td>8.63<\/td><td>0.4-20<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>5%<\/td><td>0.564<\/td><td>14%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22<\/td><td><em>o<\/em>-Xylene<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td>8.89<\/td><td>0.2-10<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>4%<\/td><td>0.139<\/td><td>7%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>23<\/td><td>Bromoform<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td>8.94<\/td><td>0.2-75<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.998<\/td><td>4%<\/td><td>0.056<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>24<\/td><td>1,2-Dichlorobenzene<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td>9.89<\/td><td>0.2-25<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.999<\/td><td>2%<\/td><td>0.045<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25<\/td><td>2-Methylisoborneol<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td>11.07<\/td><td>0.004-0.256<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.997<\/td><td>10%<\/td><td>0.005<\/td><td>9%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>26<\/td><td>Geosmin<sup>3<\/sup><\/td><td>12.17<\/td><td>0.004-0.256<\/td><td>Quad., 1\/x<sup>2<\/sup><\/td><td>0.996<\/td><td>10%<\/td><td>0.003<\/td><td>5%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>ISTD Reference \u2013 Fluorobenzene<sup>1<\/sup>, 1,4-Dioxane-d8<sup>2<\/sup>,&nbsp;<em>p<\/em>-Bromofluorobenzene<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>HS-SPME Arrow-GC-MS offers a simple approach for the determination of VOCs and Odorants in drinking water. This method shows the SPME Arrow\u2019s capabilities of quantifying a range of different compounds at various detection limits. Notably, the odorants were able to be detected at low part per trillion levels proving this is a viable sampling and testing method for the determination of their presence in drinking water. Future considerations for method optimization would be to select a more appropriate ISTD for the MIB and Geosmin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cobb County-Marietta Water Authority (CCMWA), Geosmin and methyl-Isoborneol (MIB), online article, 2023. https:\/\/www.ccmwa.org\/education\/geosmin-and-methyl-isoborneol-mib<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Definition and procedure for the determination of the method detection limit, revision 2, December 2016. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2016-12\/documents\/mdl-procedure_rev2_12-13-2016.pdf<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n        <div class=\"cpb\">\n            <h3 class=\"cpb-heading\">Products Mentioned<\/h3>\n            <hr class=\"cpb-heading-underline\" \/>\n            <div class=\"cpb-list\">\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/30608\">                                Catalog No. 30608                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">Geruchsstandard f\u00fcr Trinkwasser &#8211; Geosmin und 2-Methylisoborneol, 100 \u03bcg\/mL in P&amp;T Methanol, 1 mL\/Ampulle<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/30608\">Produkt anzeigen<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/30030\">                                Catalog No. 30030                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">Fluorbenzol, 2000 \u03bcg\/mL, P&amp;T Methanol, 1 mL\/Ampulle<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/30030\">Produkt anzeigen<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/30614\">                                Catalog No. 30614                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">1,4-Dioxan-d8 Standard, 2000 \u00b5g\/mL, P&amp;T Methanol, 1 mL\/Ampulle<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/30614\">Produkt anzeigen<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/30026\">                                Catalog No. 30026                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">4-Bromfluorbenzol (BFB) Standard, 2000 \u00b5g\/mL, P&amp;T Methanol, 1 mL\/Ampulle<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/30026\">Produkt anzeigen<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/28903-1\">                                Catalog No. 28903-1                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">PAL Smart SPME Arrow 1.10 mm: Carbon-WR\/PDMS, Phasendicke 120 \u00b5m, Phasenl\u00e4nge 20 mm, Farbcode: hellblau, 1 St.<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/28903-1\">Produkt anzeigen<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/19915\">                                Catalog No. 19915                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">Rtx-VMS GC Kapillars\u00e4ule, 30 m, 0.25 mm ID, 1.40 \u00b5m<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/19915\">Produkt anzeigen<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/23280\">                                Catalog No. 23280                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">Topaz, Gerader\/SPME Inlet Liner, 1.8 mm x 6.5 x 78.5, f\u00fcr Agilent GCs, Premium-Deaktivierung, 5er Pack<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/23280\">Produkt anzeigen<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/28903-3\">                                Catalog No. 28903-3                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">PAL Smart SPME Arrow 1.10 mm: Carbon-WR\/PDMS, Phasendicke 120 \u00b5m, Phasenl\u00e4nge 20 mm, Farbcode: hellblau, 3er Pack<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/de.restek.com\/p\/28903-3\">Produkt anzeigen<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This method utilizes a simplified sample preparation workflow combined with Headspace \u2013 Solid Phase Microextraction \u2013 Gas Chromatography \u2013 Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to determine VOCs and odorants in drinking water.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":6559,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[784],"tags":[],"industries-application":[2255,2253,2766],"post-badge":[],"resource-type":[],"product-library":[2515,2524,2518,2519,2547],"resource-technique":[2332,2336,2338],"ppma_author":[452,645],"class_list":["post-45263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-application-notes-it","industries-application-acque-potabili-acque-reflue","industries-application-ambientale","industries-application-semivolatiles","product-library-prodotti-per-campionamento-dellaria-e-dei-gas","product-library-standard-gassosi-accessori","product-library-standard-di-riferimento","product-library-prodotti-per-la-preparazione-del-campione","product-library-spme-prodotti","resource-technique-gascromatografia-gc","resource-technique-spettometria-di-massa-ms","resource-technique-microestrazione-in-fase-solida-spme"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":784,"label":"Application 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