{"id":51638,"date":"2021-09-12T14:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-12T14:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/uncategorized\/chiral-blog-3-overloading-and-tailing\/"},"modified":"2025-10-28T22:07:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T22:07:11","slug":"chiral-blog-3-overloading-and-tailing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/blogs-ja\/gnbl4620\/chiral-blog-3-overloading-and-tailing","title":{"rendered":"Chiral Separations 3: Overloading and Tailing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Some chiral compounds show over- loading at lower concentrations than achiral compounds. One reason is the different amounts of cyclodextrin (5- 50%) dissolved in the stationary phase. Unlike the classical fronting peaks of normal stationary phases, the characteristic of an overloaded peak on cyclodextrin stationary phases is indicated by a tailing peak. Overloading chiral compounds results in loss of resolution, even when column capacity has not been exceeded. The first example is linalool separation on the Rt-\u03b2DEXsp (Figure 1). The amount is about 20 ng on-column (Figure 1A). Figure 1B shows the same components at a higher concentration of 200 ng on-column. Note that the linalool enantiomers are beginning to tail, and there is a small loss in chiral resolution. Even though the maximum sample capacity for 0.32mm ID capillary columns is normally 400- 500 ng per component, the peak shapes of chiral compounds indicate overload at one-third of the sample amount. Again, there is much less cyclodextrin for which a chiral compound can interact. Figure 1C shows pronounced overloading at 2 \u00b5g on-column. Extreme tailing and complete loss in resolution are the result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-chiral-blog-3-overloading-and-tailing-01.png\" alt=\"decorative\" title=\"-\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Figure 1: Overloading of linalool on Rt-\u03b2DEXsp<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second example is 2,3-butanediol on Rt-\u03b2DEXsm (Figure 2). We see here a similar trend of overloading and tailing between 500 ng on-column (Fig 2A) and 25 ng on-column (Fig 2B). Due to a very good separation between the isomers, the loss of resolution isn\u2019t as obvious as it was in the previous example, even though we can see more overloading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-chiral-blog-3-overloading-and-tailing-02.png\" alt=\"decorative\" title=\"-\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Figure 2: Overloading of butanediol on Rt-\u03b2DEXsm<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some chiral compounds show over- loading at lower concentrations than achiral compounds. One reason is the different amounts of cyclodextrin (5- 50%) dissolved in the stationary phase. Unlike the classical fronting peaks of normal stationary phases, the characteristic of an overloaded peak on cyclodextrin stationary phases is indicated by a tailing peak. Overloading chiral compounds results in loss of resolution, even when column capacity has not been exceeded.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[794],"tags":[],"industries-application":[],"post-badge":[],"resource-type":[],"product-library":[],"resource-technique":[],"ppma_author":[591],"class_list":["post-51638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blogs-ja"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":794,"label":"Blogs"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"Jana Hepner, PhD","author_link":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/author\/jana-hepner-phd\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":794,"name":"Blogs","slug":"blogs-ja","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":794,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":438,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":794,"category_count":438,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Blogs","category_nicename":"blogs-ja","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"authors":[{"term_id":591,"user_id":50,"is_guest":0,"slug":"jana-hepner-phd","display_name":"Jana Hepner, PhD","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/people-hepner-jana.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/people-hepner-jana.jpg"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51638"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51638\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58843,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51638\/revisions\/58843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51638"},{"taxonomy":"industries-application","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industries-application?post=51638"},{"taxonomy":"post-badge","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post-badge?post=51638"},{"taxonomy":"resource-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-type?post=51638"},{"taxonomy":"product-library","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product-library?post=51638"},{"taxonomy":"resource-technique","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-technique?post=51638"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=51638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}