{"id":51841,"date":"2025-03-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/uncategorized\/using-the-ezlc-modeler-for-cannabinoid-separations-part-1\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T16:02:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T16:02:45","slug":"using-the-ezlc-modeler-for-cannabinoid-separations-part-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/de\/blogs\/gnbl4848\/using-the-ezlc-modeler-for-cannabinoid-separations-part-1","title":{"rendered":"Using the <em>EZ<\/em>LC Modeler for Cannabinoid Separations\u2013Part 1: Optimization of an Existing Method"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><style>     ul li { margin-top: 5px; }     ol li { margin-top: 5px; }  <\/style><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Developing analytical methods for the analysis of cannabinoids is no easy task. Along with keeping up with changing regulations, there is also a constant emergence of new cannabinoids, with current highlights focusing on THC isomers. It can be challenging to keep methods up to date when needing to add these new compounds to testing scopes. Traditional method development for cannabinoids includes determining the appropriate column chemistry and dimensions, organic modifiers, buffers, and flow rates. Often this means purchasing primary and secondary standards, as well as performing method development and validating a new method. Production-based labs do not always have the bandwidth to perform the necessary method development to add in these new compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In early 2024, Restek released a new library in our <em>EZ<\/em>LC chromatogram modeler to assist with the separation and optimization of methods for cannabinoids, with the goal to help those looking to develop or optimize their cannabinoid separations by allowing users to virtually model separations without needing to enter the lab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-part-1-using-EZLC-cannabinoid-separations-01.jpg\" alt=\"image of chromatogram modeling software on computer screens\" title=\"-\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;In this blog series, we will discuss how to use <em>EZ<\/em>LC modeling software to develop a method for the analysis of cannabinoids by LC-UV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Accessing the <em>EZ<\/em>LC Modeler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To access <em>EZ<\/em>LC software, go to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ez.restek.com<\/a> and select the <a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/proezlc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pro <em>EZ<\/em>LC Chromatogram Modeler<\/a>. A username and password will need to be created. Note: This is the same username and log in as the Restek website, if you do not have one, a new one will need to be created. Once created, a new screen will appear showing a drop-down menu for compound class\/library selection (Figure 1).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 1:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>EZ<\/em>LC screen<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-part-1-using-EZLC-cannabinoid-separations-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"-\"><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Part one of this series will discuss the optimization of an existing method (Figure 2). This step-by-step guide will walk you through how to use <em>EZ<\/em>LC software for this task.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 2:<\/strong>\u00a016 Cannabinoids on Raptor ARC-18 2.7 \u03bcm by LC-UV<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image regular-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/lc_gn0578.png\" alt=\"16 Cannabinoids on Raptor ARC-18 2.7 \u03bcm by LC-UV\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> LC_GN0578<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-6 col-12 peak-50\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/31932-13-5\/Cannabidivarinic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.877<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabidivarin (CBDV)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/24274-48-4\/Cannabidivarin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabidivarin (CBDV)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.086<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/1244-58-2\/Cannabidiolic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.592<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">4.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/25555-57-1\/Cannabigerolic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.750<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">5.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabigerol (CBG)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/25654-31-3\/Cannabigerol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabigerol (CBG)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.912<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">6.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabidiol (CBD)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/13956-29-1\/Cannabidiol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabidiol (CBD)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.084<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">7.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/31262-37-0\/Tetrahydrocannabivarin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.391<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">8.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/39986-26-0\/Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.279<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<table class=\"peaks col-lg-6 col-12 peak-50\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">9.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabinol (CBN)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/521-35-7\/Cannabinol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabinol (CBN)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.609<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">10.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabinolic acid (CBNA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/2808-39-1\/Cannabinolic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabinolic acid (CBNA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.437<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">11.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/1972-08-3\/\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.815<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">12.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for \u03948-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03948-THC)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/5957-75-5\/\u03948-Tetrahydrocannabinol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03948-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03948-THC)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">6.002<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">13.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabicyclol (CBL)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/21366-63-2\/Cannabicyclol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabicyclol (CBL)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">6.916<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">14.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabichromene (CBC)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/20675-51-8\/Cannabichromene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabichromene (CBC)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.263<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">15.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/23978-85-0\/Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.612<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">16.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabichromenic acid (CBCA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/185505-15-1\/Cannabichromenic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabichromenic acid (CBCA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.510<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Raptor ARC-18  (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/9314A65?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 9314A65<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dimensions:<\/th><td>150 mm x 4.6 mm ID<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Particle Size:<\/th><td>2.7 \u00b5m<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Pore Size:<\/th><td>90 \u00c5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Guard Column:<\/th><td>Raptor ARC-18 EXP guard column cartridge 2.7 \u00b5m (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/9314A0250?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 9314A0250<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Temp.:<\/th><td>30 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Tetrahydrocannabivarin (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34100?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34100<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34094?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34094<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Cannabichromene (CBC) (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34092?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34092<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Cannabigerol (CBG) (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34091?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34091<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394<sup>8<\/sup>-THC) (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34090?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34090<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u0394<sup>9<\/sup>-THC) (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34067?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34067<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Cannabinol (CBN) (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34010?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34010<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Cannabidiol (CBD) (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34011?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0578\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34011<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Compounds not present in these mixes were obtained separately.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>25:75 Water:methanol<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Conc.:<\/th><td>50 \u00b5g\/mL<\/td><\/tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>5 \u00b5L <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mobile Phase<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">A:<\/th><td>Water, 5 mM ammonium formate, 0.1% formic acid <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">B:<\/th><td>Acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><table class=\"cgram_ramp\"><thead><tr><th>Time (min)<\/th><th>Flow (mL\/min)<\/th><th>%A<\/th><th>%B<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>0.00<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>75<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9.00<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>25<\/td><td>75<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>UV\/Vis @ 228 nm<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>HPLC<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Notes<\/th><td>Standard cat.# 34093 was used to produce this chromatogram, but has since been discontinued. For assistance choosing a replacement for this application, contact Restek Technical Service or your local Restek representative.<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/lc_gn0578.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Once logged into the <em>EZ<\/em>LC modeler, use the drop-down arrow for <em>Compound Class<\/em> to select <strong>Cannabinoids<\/strong>. Choose compounds by either scrolling down the list or by typing the name or CAS number into the search bar. After the compounds are selected, <em>Target All<\/em> must be checked in order to ensure the software optimizes the separation. Prior to clicking <strong>Generate Model<\/strong>, a <em>Phase <\/em>must be selected.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 3:<\/strong>\u00a0Selected compounds for\u00a0<em>EZ<\/em>LC modeling<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-part-1-using-EZLC-cannabinoid-separations-03.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"-\"><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The software will generate a set of conditions that are catered to the selected compound list, including column dimension, ammonium formate concentration, %B, temperature, and flow rate. While the program can optimize the method automatically using the Optimize Gradient Slope function, the following is an example of manual optimization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to note that inputting your instruments dwell and extra column volume is necessary for retention times comparison from modeled data to translate to your specific instrument. If unsure how to calculate, check out our help file: <a href=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/GNOT3918\/pro-ezlc-chromatogram-modeler-help\/\">Pro <em>EZ<\/em>LC Chromatogram Modeler Help<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 4:<\/strong>\u00a0<em>EZ<\/em>LC conditions: default solve conditions (left) and manually optimized conditions (right)<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-part-1-using-EZLC-cannabinoid-separations-04.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"-\"><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>By manually changing the temperature, %B, and flow rate, the software models a shorter cycle time and provides a solution that reduces solvent consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 5:<\/strong>\u00a0Comparison of 16 cannabinoids existing method versus modeler optimized conditions<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image regular-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/lc_gn0704.png\" alt=\"Comparison of 16 Cannabinoids\u2014Optimized Pro EZLC Model\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> LC_GN0704<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-6 col-12 peak-50\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Modeled (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Experimental (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Difference (sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/31932-13-5\/Cannabidivarinic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.52<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.49<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.80<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabidivarin (CBDV)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/24274-48-4\/Cannabidivarin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabidivarin (CBDV)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.68<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.64<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/1244-58-2\/Cannabidiolic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.04<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.00<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">4.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/25555-57-1\/Cannabigerolic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.12<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.12<\/td><td class=\"oth\">0.00<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">5.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabigerol (CBG)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/25654-31-3\/Cannabigerol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabigerol (CBG)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.26<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.21<\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.00<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">6.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabidiol (CBD)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/13956-29-1\/Cannabidiol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabidiol (CBD)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.41<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.32<\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">7.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/31262-37-0\/Tetrahydrocannabivarin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.62<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.53<\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">8.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/39986-26-0\/Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.23<\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.14<\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.40<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<table class=\"peaks col-lg-6 col-12 peak-50\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Modeled (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Experimental (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Difference (sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">9.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabinol (CBN)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/521-35-7\/Cannabinol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabinol (CBN)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.45<\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.33<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.20<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">10.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabinolic acid (CBNA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/2808-39-1\/Cannabinolic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabinolic acid (CBNA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.01<\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.91<\/td><td class=\"oth\">6.00<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">11.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) \" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/1972-08-3\/\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) \" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC) <\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.30<\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.11<\/td><td class=\"oth\">11.40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">12.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for \u03948-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03948-THC) \" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/5957-75-5\/\u03948-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03948-THC) \" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u03948-Tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03948-THC) <\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.45<\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.24<\/td><td class=\"oth\">12.60<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">13.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabicyclol (CBL)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/21366-63-2\/Cannabicyclol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabicyclol (CBL)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.07<\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.83<\/td><td class=\"oth\">14.40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">14.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabichromene (CBC)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/20675-51-8\/Cannabichromene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabichromene (CBC)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.28<\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.02<\/td><td class=\"oth\">15.60<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">15.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A)<\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.49<\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.30<\/td><td class=\"oth\">11.40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">16.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Cannabichromenic acid (CBCA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/185505-15-1\/Cannabichromenic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cannabichromenic acid (CBCA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">6.07<\/td><td class=\"oth\">5.87<\/td><td class=\"oth\">12.00<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Raptor ARC-18  (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/9314A65?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0704\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 9314A65<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dimensions:<\/th><td>150 mm x 4.6 mm ID<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Particle Size:<\/th><td>2.7 \u00b5m<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Pore Size:<\/th><td>90 \u00c5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Temp.:<\/th><td>35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Cannabinoids acids 7 standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetonitrile with 1% DIPEA and 0.05% ascorbic acid, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34144?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0704\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34144<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Cannabinoids neutrals 9 standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, P&amp;T methanol, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/34132?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_GN0704\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 34132<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>Acetonitrile<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Conc.:<\/th><td>50 ppm<\/td><\/tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>5 \u00b5L <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mobile Phase<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">A:<\/th><td>Water, 4 mM ammonium formate, 0.1 % formic acid <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">B:<\/th><td>Acetonitrile, 0.1 % formic acid <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><table class=\"cgram_ramp\"><thead><tr><th>Time (min)<\/th><th>Flow (mL\/min)<\/th><th>%A<\/th><th>%B<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>0.00<\/td><td>1.7<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>77<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7.00<\/td><td>1.7<\/td><td>23<\/td><td>77<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>UV\/Vis @ 228 nm<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Flow Cell Size:<\/th><td>500 nL <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Sample Preparation<\/th><td>Working standard was prepared in a 2 mL, 9 mm amber vial (cat. 21142) by diluting 50 \u00b5L of each standard into 900 \u00b5L acetonitrile and capped with a 9 mm short screw cap (cat. 24497).<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/lc_gn0704.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>By using <em>EZ<\/em>LC modeling software for cannabinoids, a set of conditions was generated in minutes to optimize an existing method. This not only saved development resources, but it also reduced instrument run time and solvent consumption (Table 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table 1:<\/strong> Comparison of an existing method versus an optimized method<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\" style=\"border-width:1px\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Conditions<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Existing<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Optimized<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Analytical Column:<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Raptor ARC-18 150 x 4.6 mm , 2.7 \u00b5m<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Raptor ARC-18 150 x 4.6 mm , 2.7 \u00b5m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Flow (mL\/min):<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.5<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Temperature (\u00b0C):<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">30<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">35<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">% Mobile Phase A:<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">25 (Water, 5 mM ammonium formate, 0.1% formic acid)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">23 (Water, 4 mM ammonium formate, 0.1% formic acid)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">% Mobile Phase B:<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">75 (Acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">77 (Acetonitrile, 0.1% formic acid)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Solvent Usage (mL):<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">15<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cycle Time (min):<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">10<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Tune in for part two of this series discussing the effects of ammonium formate concentrations on cannabinoid separations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Check Out the Full Blog Series in the Related Resources below.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first in a four-part series, this blog demonstrates how to optimize an existing cannabinoids method quickly and effectively using <em>EZ<\/em>LC chromatogram modeling software<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"industries-application":[2149,2151],"post-badge":[],"resource-type":[],"product-library":[],"resource-technique":[2299],"hf_cat_post":[623],"ppma_author":[459],"class_list":["post-51841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blogs","industries-application-cannabis","industries-application-medical-or-recreational-cannabis","resource-technique-liquid-chromatography"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":9,"label":"Blogs"}],"industries-application":[{"value":2149,"label":"Cannabis"},{"value":2151,"label":"Medical 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