{"id":45278,"date":"2025-10-08T17:56:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T17:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/uncategorized\/improve-narrow-bore-gc-column-performance-with-intermediate-volume-iv-inlet-liners\/"},"modified":"2026-01-03T20:19:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-03T20:19:08","slug":"improve-narrow-bore-gc-column-performance-with-intermediate-volume-iv-inlet-liners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/fr\/artikel\/gnar4184\/improve-narrow-bore-gc-column-performance-with-intermediate-volume-iv-inlet-liners","title":{"rendered":"Improve Narrow-Bore GC Column Performance with Intermediate-Volume (IV) Inlet Liners"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Maximize the high efficiency of narrow-bore columns for fast, sensitive, and highly reproducible results.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Higher sample capacity than smaller volume liners; faster sample transfer than larger volume liners.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reduce the potential for band broadening and analyte breakdown during splitless injection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#3598db;border-width:1px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:20px\">\n<p><em>The benefits of high-efficiency, narrow-bore columns can only be fully realized when sample introduction is also optimized. In this article, we explore the improvements in chromatography and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/articles\/improve-narrow-bore-gc-column-performance-with-intermediate-volume-iv-inlet-liners#GNAR4184-reproducibility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reproducibility<\/a>&nbsp;generated by using intermediate-volume liners for the following applications:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#analysis-semivolatiles\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#analysis-semivolatiles\">Semivolatiles<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#polycyclic-aromatic\">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#pesticides-analysis\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#pesticides-analysis\">Pesticides<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"#summary-section\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#summary-section\">Jump to Summary<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Faster analysis times can improve lab productivity, but only if chromatographic performance still allows accurate peak identification and quantification. Narrow-bore GC columns (&lt;0.25 mm ID) speed up analysis because they have greater chromatographic efficiency, producing tall narrow peaks that are easy to identify and keep separated run after run. The efficiency of narrow bore columns is achieved by decreasing the flow rate through the column, which gives analytes more time to interact with the stationary phase. Since these interactions occur over a thinner film and shorter length column, analytes elute quickly as narrow, symmetrical peaks. While using narrow-bore columns can be a good approach to creating fast, highly efficient chromatography with a typical GC-MS setup, their effectiveness is limited by sample introduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A variety of inlet options are available to control sample introduction, but the most common tool is a split\/splitless inlet. Similarly, many inlet liner styles are available, but for most split\/splitless inlets, liners of around 2 mm (\u201csmaller volume\u201d) or 4 mm (\u201clarger volume\u201d) inner diameter (ID) are used. With narrow-bore columns, the smaller liner provides faster sample transfer that better compliments the column\u2019s high efficiency, though there are benefits and drawbacks to both sizes that should be considered (Table I). The choice between larger and smaller volume liners ultimately can require tradeoffs to be made in terms of capacity and chromatographic performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table I:<\/strong> Benefits and Limitations of Different Size Inlet Liners<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<td>Smaller volume<\/td>\n<td>Shorter residence times result in faster column loading, a narrow analyte band, and reduced splitless hold time. <\/p>\n<p>Narrower analyte band can improve resolution, especially for volatile compounds. <\/p>\n<p>Active compounds spend less time in the inlet, reducing adverse interactions, such as adsorption and reactivity.<\/td>\n<td>Lower liner volume means less sample can be injected, which can reduce sensitivity and reproducibility. <\/p>\n<p>Backflash can occur if the solvent vapor cloud exceeds the liner volume, and it can cause poor peak shape (fronting, tailing, splitting) and increase variation and contamination.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<td>Larger volume<\/td>\n<td>Higher liner volume provides greater capacity for larger sample injections, which can improve sensitivity and reproducibility. <\/p>\n<p>Less chance of backflash because the higher liner volume accommodates a larger solvent vapor cloud.<\/td>\n<td>Larger liner volume can cause band broadening and increased peak widths, which can decrease resolution.<\/p>\n<p> Lower column flow rates for narrow-bore columns result in longer residence times in the liner, which can lead to analyte degradation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>Capacity is critical when you need to decrease method detection limits and gain sensitivity. By increasing the injection volume, you can increase the amount of sample on column without having to modify sample preparation procedures. This can be achieved with splitless injection, which transfers the entire sample vapor cloud onto column. However, when splitless injection volume is maximized, the analysis can be greatly affected by inlet temperatures, pressures, and analyte solubility, which can lead to poor chromatography. Balancing these parameters is not a simple task, which is where Restek\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/solvent-expansion-calculator\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/solvent-expansion-calculator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solvent expansion calculator<\/a> can help. Figure 1 shows the calculated maximum injection volume for different liner sizes under inlet conditions that could reasonably be paired with a narrow-bore column. Depending on the solvent, smaller liners can generally hold 0.5\u20131 \u00b5L, so to really impact limits of detection, larger liners would be used. However, the capacity gain of a larger liner comes at the cost of efficiency. The vapor cloud in a larger liner moves very slowly onto the much narrower head of a narrow-bore column, widening peaks and giving compounds more time to interact with active sites. This can be especially detrimental for compounds that often breakdown in the inlet, such as endrin and DDT.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 1:<\/strong> Maximum injection volume varies by solvent, liner size, and conditions. (Data collected at 250 \u00b0C and 40 psi.)<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<style>.kb-image45278_e07cb2-d4 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image45278_e07cb2-d4\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-01-1024x530.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-24136\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-01-1024x530.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-01-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-01-768x398.jpg 768w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-01-1536x795.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-01.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV Liners Provide a More Balanced Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To give narrow-bore column users more flexibility and allow additional sample to be injected, without risking backflash or compromising on peak characteristics, Restek has developed an intermediate-volume option: the IV liner (3 mm ID). Compared to smaller volume (2 mm) liners, IV liners allow injection volumes to be doubled because they have significantly more room to contain solvent vapor clouds. And, since they have faster sample loading capabilities than larger volume (4 mm) liners, good chromatographic performance is maintained because the analytes spend less time in the inlet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To demonstrate these advantages, we compared the performance of IV liners with smaller and larger liners when paired with narrow-bore columns for the analysis of semivolatiles; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); and pesticides. Overall, results showed how the IV liner\u2019s intermediate capacity conferred significant improvements in chromatography and reproducibility for splitless injections on narrow-bore columns. Note that the follow experiments compared 2, 3, and 4 mm ID liners in a geometry suitable for Agilent; Thermo TRACE 1300 and 1600 series; PerkinElmer Clarus 590\/690 and GC2400; Scion 8300 and 8500; Scion\/Bruker\/Varian 1177; and Lucidity GCs. An IV liner that is compatible with Shimadzu 17A, 2010, 2014, and 2030 GCs is also available and will achieve similar results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"analysis-semivolatiles\">Analysis of Semivolatiles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To assess the impact of the intermediate-volume IV liner on chromatographic performance for semivolatiles, we paired it with a narrow-bore Rxi-SVOCms column (20 m x 0.15 mm ID x 0.15 \u00b5m; cat.# 46616). This column was selected because it is specifically designed for longevity, inertness, consistency, and improved resolution of semivolatile compounds. When used in a narrow-bore format, the column offers the same benefits with shorter run times, but sample introduction becomes essential for maintaining critical separations that may be lost due to solvent effects or peak-widening caused by using the wrong liner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this evaluation, we looked at peak characteristics and resolution of 51 semivolatile compounds (cat.#s 31899, 31825, 31826, and 32418) diluted to 1-10 \u00b5g\/mL. To compare performance to the other liner dimensions without exceeding maximum liner capacities, six 0.5 \u00b5L injections were made on the smaller (cat.# 23316) and intermediate (cat.# 27231) volume liners, and six 1 \u00b5L injections were made on the larger (cat.# 23303) and intermediate (cat.# 27231) volume liners. By comparing peak area, height, width, resolution, and tailing across compounds and injection parameters, we were able to identify some key benefits to using a IV liner for semivolatiles analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When comparing the 1 \u00b5L injections on the intermediate and larger volume liners, peak area and height were significantly improved (Student\u2019s t-test, p &lt; 0.05) for most compounds when using the intermediate-volume IV liner, making peak identification and quantitation easier and more accurate. As shown in Figure 2, 92% of compounds showed greater average peak areas, and 80% showed a greater average peak height when using the IV liner. Peak width, resolution, and symmetry were not statistically different from results for the larger volume liner for most compounds, which was attributed to solvent effects causing poor peak shape for some early eluting compounds using both liners (Figure 3). Performance did improve for early eluting compounds when less sample was injected as well as overall for later eluting compounds (Figures 4\u20135), which is likely the result of the IV liner\u2019s faster sample transfer onto the column.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the 0.5 \u00b5L injections, which compared the smaller and intermediate-volume liners, the difference was more dramatic: every peak parameter that was investigated showed statistically significant improvements when using the IV liner (Figure 2). These benefits can be attributed to the IV liner providing a narrow sample transfer band and maintaining resolution from the solvent peak. Improved performance was particularly beneficial for better separation of closely eluting isobaric semivolatiles, such as benzo[b]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene (resolution of 1.83 vs. 1.93 on the 2 mm and 3 mm liner, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). Overall, for semivolatiles analysis, the IV inlet liner helped translate peak shape and resolution to a narrow-column format, allowing labs to take full advantage of a highly inert, high-efficiency Rxi-SVOCms column.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 2:<\/strong> Effect of Liner on Chromatographic Performance for Semivolatiles on a Narrow-Bore Rxi-SVOCms Column<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<style>.kb-image45278_5a80f2-80 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image45278_5a80f2-80\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"998\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-02-998x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-24142\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-02-998x1024.jpg 998w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-02-293x300.jpg 293w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-02-768x788.jpg 768w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-02-1498x1536.jpg 1498w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-02.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 3:<\/strong> Using an intermediate-volume IV liner reduces solvent effects for early eluting compounds by increasing resolution from the solvent peak. Reducing the injection volume further improved performance.<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image wide-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1509.png\" alt=\"Comparison: Semivolatiles on Narrow-Bore Rxi-SVOCms - IV Liner Article Figure 3\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> GC_EV1509<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-4 col-12\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">Conc.<br \/>(\u00b5g\/mL)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Isophorone\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/78-59-1\/Isophorone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Isophorone<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.696<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for 1,3-Dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/81-20-9\/1,3-Dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,3-Dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.02<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Naphthalene\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/91-20-3\/Naphthalene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Naphthalene<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.067<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">4.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Methamidophos\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/10265-92-6\/Methamidophos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Methamidophos<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.223<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">5.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Dichlorvos\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/62-73-7\/Dichlorvos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dichlorvos<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.286<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Rxi-SVOCms GC capillary column, 20 m, 0.15 mm ID, 0.15 \u00b5m (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/46616?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 46616<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 semivolatile mix (revised), acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31899?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31899<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 internal standard mix, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31825?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31825<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 surrogate standard mix, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31826?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31826<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Organophosphorus pesticide mix, European formulation, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32418?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32418<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>Acetone<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Injection<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>0.5-1 \u00b5L splitless (hold 3  min)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Liner:<\/th><td>Three Topaz single taper, splitless inlet liners with quartz wool and premium deactivation were compared. All were 78.5 mm long with a 6.5 mm OD and the following IDs: 2.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23316<\/a>); 3.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/27231?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 27231<\/a>); and 4.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23303<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Purge Flow:<\/th><td>15 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\" colspan=\"2\">Oven<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Oven Temp.:<\/th><td>45 &#176;C (hold 0.5 min) to 260 &#176;C at 30 &#176;C\/min to 330 &#176;C at 4 &#176;C\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Carrier Gas<\/th><td>He, constant flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Flow Rate:<\/th><td>0.84 mL\/min<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Linear Velocity:<\/th><td>40.807 cm\/sec @ 45 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dead Time:<\/th><td>0.82  min @ 45 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mode:<\/th><td>Scan<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Scan Program:<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" colspan=\"2\"><table class=\"conditions_sim\"><thead><tr><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Group<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Start Time<br \/>(min)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Range<br \/>(amu)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Rate<br \/>(scans\/sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>50-550<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Transfer Line Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Analyzer Type:<\/th><td>Quadrupole <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Type:<\/th><td>Extractor <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Temp.:<\/th><td>230 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Quad Temp.:<\/th><td>150 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Electron Energy:<\/th><td>929 eV<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Solvent Delay Time:<\/th><td>1.5  min<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Tune Type:<\/th><td>PFTBA <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Ionization Mode:<\/th><td>EI <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>Agilent 7890A GC &amp; 5975C MSD<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Sample Preparation<\/th><td>2 \u03bcL of cat.# 31899, 31825, 31826 and 20 \u03bcL of cat.# 32418 were added to 1974 \u03bcL of acetone. Splitless injections were performed with a 10 \u03bcL SGE autosampler syringe (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/24795?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1509\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 24795<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1509.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 4:<\/strong> Taller, narrower peaks are obtained throughout the run with an IV liner compared to a larger volume liner.<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image wide-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1511.png\" alt=\"Comparison: Semivolatiles on Narrow-Bore Rxi-SVOCms - IV Liner Article Figure 4\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> GC_EV1511<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-6 col-12 peak-50\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">Conc.<br \/>(\u00b5g\/mL)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Tolclofos-methyl 57018-04-9<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.02<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Pirimiphos methyl 29232-93-7<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.14<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Di-n-butylphthalate 84-74-2<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.2<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">4.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Malathion 121-75-5<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.22<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">5.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.28<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<table class=\"peaks col-lg-6 col-12 peak-50\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">Conc.<br \/>(\u00b5g\/mL)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">6.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Fluoranthene 206-44-0<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.68<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">7.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Methidathion 950-37-8<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.73<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">8.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Pyrene-d10 1718-52-1<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.86<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">9.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Pyrene 129-00-0<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.87<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">10.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Prothiofos 34643-46-4<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.92<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">11.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Profenofos 41198-08-7<\/td><td class=\"oth\">7.95<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Rxi-SVOCms GC capillary column, 20 m, 0.15 mm ID, 0.15 \u00b5m (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/46616?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 46616<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 semivolatile mix (revised), acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31899?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31899<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 internal standard mix, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31825?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31825<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 surrogate standard mix, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31826?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31826<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Organophosphorus pesticide mix, European formulation, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32418?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32418<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>Acetone<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Injection<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>0.5-1 \u00b5L splitless (hold 3  min)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Liner:<\/th><td>Three Topaz single taper, splitless inlet liners with quartz wool and premium deactivation were compared. All were 78.5 mm long with a 6.5 mm OD and the following IDs: 2.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23316<\/a>); 3.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/27231?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 27231<\/a>); and 4.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23303<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Purge Flow:<\/th><td>15 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\" colspan=\"2\">Oven<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Oven Temp.:<\/th><td>45 &#176;C (hold 0.5 min) to 260 &#176;C at 30 &#176;C\/min to 330 &#176;C at 4 &#176;C\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Carrier Gas<\/th><td>He, constant flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Flow Rate:<\/th><td>0.84 mL\/min<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Linear Velocity:<\/th><td>40.807 cm\/sec @ 45 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dead Time:<\/th><td>0.82  min @ 45 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mode:<\/th><td>Scan<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Scan Program:<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" colspan=\"2\"><table class=\"conditions_sim\"><thead><tr><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Group<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Start Time<br \/>(min)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Range<br \/>(amu)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Rate<br \/>(scans\/sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>50-550<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Transfer Line Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Analyzer Type:<\/th><td>Quadrupole <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Type:<\/th><td>Extractor <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Temp.:<\/th><td>230 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Quad Temp.:<\/th><td>150 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Electron Energy:<\/th><td>929 eV<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Solvent Delay Time:<\/th><td>1.5  min<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Tune Type:<\/th><td>PFTBA <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Ionization Mode:<\/th><td>EI <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>Agilent 7890A GC &amp; 5975C MSD<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Sample Preparation<\/th><td>2 \u03bcL of cat.# 31899, 31825, 31826 and 20 \u03bcL of cat.# 32418 were added to 1974 \u03bcL of acetone. Splitless injections were performed with a 10 \u03bcL SGE autosampler syringe (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/24795?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1511\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 24795<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1511.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 5:<\/strong> Improvements in peak height and symmetry were also observed for late eluting peaks when using a IV liner.<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image regular-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1510.png\" alt=\"Comparison: Semivolatiles on Narrow-Bore Rxi-SVOCms - IV Liner Article Figure 5\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> GC_EV1510<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-4 col-12\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">Conc.<br \/>(\u00b5g\/mL)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/193-39-5\/Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">14.3<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Dibenz[a,h]anthracene\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/53-70-3\/Dibenz[a,h]anthracene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dibenz[a,h]anthracene<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">14.42<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Benzo[g,h,i]perylene\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/191-24-2\/Benzo[g,h,i]perylene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Benzo[g,h,i]perylene<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">14.94<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Rxi-SVOCms GC capillary column, 20 m, 0.15 mm ID, 0.15 \u00b5m (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/46616?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 46616<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 semivolatile mix (revised), acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31899?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31899<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 internal standard mix, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31825?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31825<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 surrogate standard mix, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31826?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31826<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Organophosphorus pesticide mix, European formulation, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32418?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32418<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>Acetone<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Injection<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>0.5-1 \u00b5L splitless (hold 3  min)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Liner:<\/th><td>\tThree Topaz single taper, splitless inlet liners with quartz wool and premium deactivation were compared. All were 78.5 mm long with a 6.5 mm OD and the following IDs: 2.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23316<\/a>); 3.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/27231?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 27231<\/a>); and 4.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23303<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Purge Flow:<\/th><td>15 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\" colspan=\"2\">Oven<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Oven Temp.:<\/th><td>45 &#176;C (hold 0.5 min) to 260 &#176;C at 30 &#176;C\/min to 330 &#176;C at 4 &#176;C\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Carrier Gas<\/th><td>He, constant flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Flow Rate:<\/th><td>0.84 mL\/min<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Linear Velocity:<\/th><td>40.807 cm\/sec @ 45 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dead Time:<\/th><td>0.82  min @ 45 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mode:<\/th><td>Scan<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Scan Program:<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" colspan=\"2\"><table class=\"conditions_sim\"><thead><tr><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Group<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Start Time<br \/>(min)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Range<br \/>(amu)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Rate<br \/>(scans\/sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>50-550<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Transfer Line Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Analyzer Type:<\/th><td>Quadrupole <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Type:<\/th><td>Extractor <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Temp.:<\/th><td>230 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Quad Temp.:<\/th><td>150 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Electron Energy:<\/th><td>929 eV<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Solvent Delay Time:<\/th><td>1.5  min<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Tune Type:<\/th><td>PFTBA <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Ionization Mode:<\/th><td>EI <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>Agilent 7890A GC &amp; 5975C MSD<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Sample Preparation<\/th><td>2 \u03bcL of cat.# 31899, 31825, 31826 and 20 \u03bcL of cat.# 32418 were added to 1974 \u03bcL of acetone. Splitless injections were performed with a 10 \u03bcL SGE autosampler syringe (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/24795?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1510\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 24795<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1510.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"polycyclic-aromatic\">Analysis of PAHs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For the PAH evaluation, we selected a narrow-bore Rxi-PAH column (40 m x 0.18 mm ID x 0.07 \u00b5m; cat.# 49316) because the column\u2019s efficiency and unique selectivity is optimized for comprehensive PAH analysis. This column has been proven to separate critical compounds, including the benzo [b], [k], and [j] fluoranthenes, while still eluting heavier PAHs in a short analysis time. PAH testing was done using 31 compounds (cat.#s 31899 and 32547) diluted to 1 \u00b5g\/mL, which were analyzed using the same liner dimensions and injection volumes that were used in the semivolatiles experiment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Improvements were again seen using the intermediate-volume IV liner compared to the larger volume liner when making 1 \u00b5L injections. In the overall quantitative assessment, 94% of the PAHs had greater peak areas, and 74% showed greater peak height with the IV liner (Figure 6). As in the semivolatiles comparison, these results were both statistically significant. As an example of chromatographic performance, Figure 7 illustrates gains in peak area, height, and symmetry that were seen for later eluting compounds due to the IV liner\u2019s more efficient sample transfer onto the narrow-bore column compared to transfer with the larger volume liner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Results comparing the IV liner and smaller volume liner were more complex. In contrast to the semivolatiles results, PAH peak area and height were statistically higher on the smaller liner than on the IV liner. This may be attributable to the greater retention of PAHs on the Rxi-PAH column overall, regardless of liner, which could minimize the measurable benefits related to solvent interactions that were seen for PAHs on the Rxi-SVOCms column. Interestingly, for peak width and separation, qualitatively narrower peaks and increased resolution were obtained for the majority of PAHs when using a IV liner compared to either the smaller or larger volume liners, although these results were not statistically significant. Figure 8 demonstrates that the narrower peaks obtained with a IV liner resulted in greater peak symmetry and resolution for PAHs than with the smaller volume liner even though the peaks were shorter. Taken in whole, the IV liner provided important advantages for PAH analysis on a narrow-bore column.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 6:<\/strong> Effect of Liner on Chromatographic Performance for PAHs on a Narrow-Bore Rxi-PAH Column<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<style>.kb-image45278_e82a4d-7d .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image45278_e82a4d-7d\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"972\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-06-1024x972.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-24148\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-06-1024x972.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-06-300x285.jpg 300w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-06-768x729.jpg 768w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-06-1536x1457.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-06.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 7:<\/strong> Peak area, height, and symmetry were both improved for challenging PAHs using an IV liner compared to the larger volume liner.<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image regular-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1512.png\" alt=\"Comparison: PAHs on Narrow-Bore Rxi-PAH - IV Liner Article Figure 7\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> GC_EV1512<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-4 col-12\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">Conc.<br \/>(\u00b5g\/mL)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Benzo[b]fluoranthene 205-99-2<\/td><td class=\"oth\">11.76<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Benzo[k]fluoranthene 207-08-9<\/td><td class=\"oth\">11.78<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Benzo[a]pyrene 50-32-8<\/td><td class=\"oth\">12.17<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">4.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Dibenz[a,h]anthracene 53-70-3<\/td><td class=\"oth\">13.35<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">5.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene 193-39-5<\/td><td class=\"oth\">13.39<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">6.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Benzo[g,h,i]perylene 191-24-2<\/td><td class=\"oth\">13.85<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Rxi-PAH GC capillary column, 40 m, 0.18 mm ID, 0.07 \u00b5m (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/49316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1512\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 49316<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 semivolatile mix (revised), acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31899?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1512\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31899<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>EPA Method 525.3 PAH IS mix, 500 \u00b5g\/mL ea. in acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32547?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1512\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32547<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>Acetone<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Injection<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>0.5-1 \u00b5L splitless (hold 3  min)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Liner:<\/th><td>\tThree Topaz single taper, splitless inlet liners with quartz wool and premium deactivation were compared. All were 78.5 mm long with a 6.5 mm OD and the following IDs: 2.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1512\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23316<\/a>); 3.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/27231?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1512\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 27231<\/a>); and 4.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1512\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23303<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Purge Flow:<\/th><td>15 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\" colspan=\"2\">Oven<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Oven Temp.:<\/th><td>35 &#176;C (hold 0.5 min) to 350 &#176;C at 30 &#176;C\/min (hold 4 min)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Carrier Gas<\/th><td>He, constant flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Flow Rate:<\/th><td>1.44 mL\/min<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Linear Velocity:<\/th><td>37.587 cm\/sec @ 35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dead Time:<\/th><td>1.77  min @ 35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mode:<\/th><td>Scan<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Scan Program:<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" colspan=\"2\"><table class=\"conditions_sim\"><thead><tr><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Group<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Start Time<br \/>(min)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Range<br \/>(amu)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Rate<br \/>(scans\/sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>50-550<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Transfer Line Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Analyzer Type:<\/th><td>Quadrupole <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Type:<\/th><td>Extractor <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Temp.:<\/th><td>230 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Quad Temp.:<\/th><td>150 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Electron Energy:<\/th><td>929 eV<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Solvent Delay Time:<\/th><td>1.5  min<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Tune Type:<\/th><td>PFTBA <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Ionization Mode:<\/th><td>EI <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>Agilent 7890A GC &amp; 5975C MSD<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Sample Preparation<\/th><td>3 \u03bcL of cat.# 31899 and 6 \u03bcL of cat.# 32547 were added to 2991 \u03bcL of acetone. Splitless injections were performed with a 10 \u03bcL SGE autosampler syringe (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/24795?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1512\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 24795<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1512.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 8:<\/strong> Even though height decreased, resolution increased on the IV liner because the peaks were narrower.<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image wide-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1513.png\" alt=\"Comparison: PAHs on Narrow-Bore Rxi-PAH - IV Liner Article Figure 8\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> GC_EV1513<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-4 col-12\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">Conc.<br \/>(\u00b5g\/mL)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Pentachlorophenol\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/87-86-5\/Pentachlorophenol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pentachlorophenol<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.03<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Phenanthrene-d10\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/1517-22-2\/Phenanthrene-d10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phenanthrene-d10<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.29<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Anthracene\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/120-12-7\/Anthracene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anthracene<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.32<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">4.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Phenanthrene\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/85-01-8\/Phenanthrene\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phenanthrene<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.35<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">5.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Di-n-butylphthalate\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/84-74-2\/Di-n-butylphthalate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Di-n-butylphthalate<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.5<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Rxi-PAH GC capillary column, 40 m, 0.18 mm ID, 0.07 \u00b5m (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/49316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1513\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 49316<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Method 525.2 semivolatile mix (revised), acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31899?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1513\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 31899<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>EPA Method 525.3 PAH IS mix, 500 \u00b5g\/mL ea. in acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32547?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1513\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32547<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>Acetone<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Injection<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>0.5-1 \u00b5L splitless (hold 3  min)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Liner:<\/th><td>Three Topaz single taper, splitless inlet liners with quartz wool and premium deactivation were compared. All were 78.5 mm long with a 6.5 mm OD and the following IDs: 2.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1513\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23316<\/a>); 3.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/27231?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1513\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 27231<\/a>); and 4.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1513\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23303<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Purge Flow:<\/th><td>15 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\" colspan=\"2\">Oven<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Oven Temp.:<\/th><td>35 &#176;C (hold 0.5 min) to 350 &#176;C at 30 &#176;C\/min (hold 4 min)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Carrier Gas<\/th><td>He, constant flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Flow Rate:<\/th><td>1.44 mL\/min<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Linear Velocity:<\/th><td>37.587 cm\/sec @ 35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dead Time:<\/th><td>1.77  min @ 35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mode:<\/th><td>Scan<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Scan Program:<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" colspan=\"2\"><table class=\"conditions_sim\"><thead><tr><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Group<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Start Time<br \/>(min)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Range<br \/>(amu)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Rate<br \/>(scans\/sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>50-550<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Transfer Line Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Analyzer Type:<\/th><td>Quadrupole <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Type:<\/th><td>Extractor <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Temp.:<\/th><td>230 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Quad Temp.:<\/th><td>150 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Electron Energy:<\/th><td>929 eV<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Solvent Delay Time:<\/th><td>1.5  min<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Tune Type:<\/th><td>PFTBA <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Ionization Mode:<\/th><td>EI <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>Agilent 7890A GC &amp; 5975C MSD<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Sample Preparation<\/th><td>3 \u03bcL of cat.# 31899 and 6 \u03bcL of cat.# 32547 were added to 2991 \u03bcL of acetone. Splitless injections were performed with a 10 \u03bcL SGE autosampler syringe (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/24795?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1513\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 24795<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1513.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pesticides-analysis\">Analysis of Pesticides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Our final experiment assessed whether an intermediate-volume IV liner could improve narrow-bore column performance for pesticides analysis. For this application, we analyzed a standard containing 20 pesticides (cat.#s 32279, 32280, 32281, 32282, and 32418) at 1-10 \u00b5g\/mL on an Rxi-5ms column (20 m x 0.18 mm ID x 0.18 \u00b5m; cat.# 13402). The Rxi-5ms is a general-purpose column fortified with ultra-low bleed chemistries that make analysis easy across a variety of applications. Injection volumes and liner dimensions were the same as the previous experiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the 1 \u00b5L injections, performance improvements were again seen with the IV liner. Figure 9 demonstrates that peak area and height were statistically improved when using the intermediate-volume IV liner compared to the larger volume liner, a result that was consistent with the semivolatiles and PAH experiments. Peak width, resolution, and symmetry did not vary significantly between the liner volumes. Figure 10 shows an example of the height increase obtained using the IV liner compared to the larger liner. The faster transfer made possible with the IV liner once again lent significant improvements for peak identification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Results for the 0.5 \u00b5L injections were similar to the PAH results in that peak area and height decreased significantly with the IV liner, but qualitative improvements were seen for peak width, resolution, and symmetry for the majority of compounds (Figure 9), though they were not statistically different. The decrease in peak area and height may be due to the slightly less efficient transfer obtained when using intermediate versus smaller volume liners. While not quantitative, one of the main improvements observed with the IV liner is reduced peak splitting early in the chromatogram (Figure 11). While all liner and volume combinations demonstrated some peak splitting for early eluting compounds, the split was most reduced when 0.5 \u00b5L injections were made with the intermediate-volume IV liner. Peak identification and quantitation for early eluting compounds should be improved as the result of decreased peak splitting and solvent effects, but more adjustments are necessary to eliminate peak splitting entirely. Restek\u2019s GC troubleshooting video series provides helpful tips for reducing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/videos\/gc-troubleshooting-split-peaks\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/videos\/gc-troubleshooting-split-peaks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">peak splitting<\/a> and other issues. Overall, for 0.5 \u00b5L injections, the IV liner was the most effective choice for early eluting pesticides because the additional capacity and distance from the solvent peak minimized peak splitting.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 9:<\/strong> Effect of Liner on Chromatographic Performance for Pesticides on a Narrow-Bore Rxi-5ms Column<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<style>.kb-image45278_903fd0-a5 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image45278_903fd0-a5\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"972\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-09-1024x972.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-24154\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-09-1024x972.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-09-300x285.jpg 300w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-09-768x729.jpg 768w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-09-1536x1457.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-09.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 10:<\/strong> Improved peak height when using the IV liner for 1 \u00b5L injections compared to the larger volume liner.<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image wide-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1515.png\" alt=\"Comparison: Pesticides on Narrow-Bore Rxi-5ms - IV Liner Article Figure 10\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> GC_EV1515<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-4 col-12\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">Conc.<br \/>(\u00b5g\/mL)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Methidathion\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/950-37-8\/Methidathion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Methidathion<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.49<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Prothiofos\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/34643-46-4\/Prothiofos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prothiofos<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.82<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Profenofos\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/41198-08-7\/Profenofos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Profenofos<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">8.85<\/td><td class=\"oth\">2<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Rxi-5ms GC capillary column, 20 m, 0.18 mm ID, 0.18 \u00b5m (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/13402?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 13402<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Organophosphorus pesticide mix, European formulation, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32418?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32418<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>1-Bromo-2-nitrobenzene internal standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32279?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32279<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Tributylphosphate standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32280?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32280<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Triphenylphosphate standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32281?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32281<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32282?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32282<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>Acetone<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Injection<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>0.5-1 \u00b5L splitless (hold 3  min)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Liner:<\/th><td>Three Topaz single taper, splitless inlet liners with quartz wool and premium deactivation were compared. All were 78.5 mm long with a 6.5 mm OD and the following IDs: 2.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23316<\/a>); 3.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/27231?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 27231<\/a>); and 4.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23303<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Purge Flow:<\/th><td>15 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\" colspan=\"2\">Oven<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Oven Temp.:<\/th><td>35 &#176;C (hold 0.5 min) to 220 &#176;C at 30 &#176;C\/min to 240 &#176;C at 8 &#176;C\/min to 315 &#176;C at 23 &#176;C\/min (hold 10 min)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Carrier Gas<\/th><td>He, constant flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Flow Rate:<\/th><td>1.01 mL\/min<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Linear Velocity:<\/th><td>44.518 cm\/sec @ 35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dead Time:<\/th><td>0.75  min @ 35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mode:<\/th><td>Scan<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Scan Program:<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" colspan=\"2\"><table class=\"conditions_sim\"><thead><tr><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Group<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Start Time<br \/>(min)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Range<br \/>(amu)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Rate<br \/>(scans\/sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>50-550<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Transfer Line Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Analyzer Type:<\/th><td>Quadrupole <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Type:<\/th><td>Extractor <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Temp.:<\/th><td>230 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Quad Temp.:<\/th><td>150 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Electron Energy:<\/th><td>929 eV<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Solvent Delay Time:<\/th><td>1.5  min<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Tune Type:<\/th><td>PFTBA <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Ionization Mode:<\/th><td>EI <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>Agilent 7890A GC &amp; 5975C MSD<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Sample Preparation<\/th><td>3 \u03bcL of cat.# 32279, 32280, 32281, 32282 and 42 \u03bcL of cat.# 32418 were added to 3012 \u03bcL of acetone. Splitless injections were performed with a 10 \u03bcL SGE autosampler syringe (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/24795?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1515\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 24795<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1515.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 11:<\/strong> Peak splitting occurred for early eluting compounds with all liners and injection volumes, but it was minimized by injecting 0.5 \u00b5L in an IV liner.<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image wide-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1514.png\" alt=\"Comparison: Pesticides on Narrow-Bore Rxi-5ms - IV Liner Article Figure 11\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> GC_EV1514<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-4 col-12\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 50px\">Conc.<br \/>(\u00b5g\/mL)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/121-17-5\/4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">4.206<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Rxi-5ms GC capillary column, 20 m, 0.18 mm ID, 0.18 \u00b5m (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/13402?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 13402<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Organophosphorus pesticide mix, European formulation, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32418?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32418<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>1-Bromo-2-nitrobenzene internal standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32279?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32279<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Tributylphosphate standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32280?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32280<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>Triphenylphosphate standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32281?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32281<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride standard, 1000 \u00b5g\/mL, acetone, 1 mL\/ampul (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32282?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 32282<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>Acetone<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Injection<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>0.5-1 \u00b5L splitless (hold 3  min)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Liner:<\/th><td>Three Topaz single taper, splitless inlet liners with quartz wool and premium deactivation were compared. All were 78.5 mm long with a 6.5 mm OD and the following IDs: 2.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23316?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23316<\/a>); 3.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/27231?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 27231<\/a>); and 4.0 mm (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 23303<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Purge Flow:<\/th><td>15 mL\/min<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\" colspan=\"2\">Oven<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Oven Temp.:<\/th><td>35 &#176;C (hold 0.5 min) to 220 &#176;C at 30 &#176;C\/min to 240 &#176;C at 8 &#176;C\/min to 315 &#176;C at 23 &#176;C\/min (hold 10 min)<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Carrier Gas<\/th><td>He, constant flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Flow Rate:<\/th><td>1.01 mL\/min<tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Linear Velocity:<\/th><td>44.518 cm\/sec @ 35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dead Time:<\/th><td>0.75  min @ 35 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mode:<\/th><td>Scan<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Scan Program:<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"text-align:left\" colspan=\"2\"><table class=\"conditions_sim\"><thead><tr><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Group<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Start Time<br \/>(min)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Range<br \/>(amu)<\/th><th style=\"padding: 0 5px\">Scan Rate<br \/>(scans\/sec)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><td>50-550<\/td><td>9.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Transfer Line Temp.:<\/th><td>250 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Analyzer Type:<\/th><td>Quadrupole <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Type:<\/th><td>Extractor <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Source Temp.:<\/th><td>230 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Quad Temp.:<\/th><td>150 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Electron Energy:<\/th><td>929 eV<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Solvent Delay Time:<\/th><td>1.5  min<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Tune Type:<\/th><td>PFTBA <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Ionization Mode:<\/th><td>EI <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>Agilent 7890A GC &amp; 5975C MSD<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Sample Preparation<\/th><td>3 \u03bcL of cat.# 32279, 32280, 32281, 32282 and 42 \u03bcL of cat.# 32418 were added to 3012 \u03bcL of acetone. Splitless injections were performed with a 10 \u03bcL SGE autosampler syringe (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/24795?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=GC_EV1514\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 24795<\/a>).<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/gc_ev1514.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reproducibility<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To evaluate reproducibility, the relative standard deviations (%RSD) of averaged parameters across all compounds in all experiments were compared across the different liner sizes and injection volumes (Figure 12). Overall, the intermediate-volume IV liner demonstrated statistically better reproducibility for peak area and height on narrow-bore columns for both injection volumes and at both partial and full capacity (Table II). Results for peak symmetry were also more reproducible using a IV liner, except for the 0.5 \u00b5L injections where there was no statistical difference and the midcapacity comparison where symmetry was only 0.1% better using the larger volume liner. Regarding peak width and resolution, there was no statistical difference in performance for most comparisons, but the smaller volume liner did provide more reproducible results for the 0.5 \u00b5L injections, while the IV liner provided more reproducible peak widths for the 1.0 \u00b5L injections. Since width and resolution are heavily impacted by position in the chromatogram (e.g., early vs. late eluting or during a ramp vs. an isothermal hold), differences in these parameters may be more affected by method conditions other than the liner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These improvements to reproducibility can be attributed to the ILV liner\u2019s intermediate volume, which better contains injection volumes that may be pushing the capacity of the smaller volume liner. Similarly, the compounds are transferred to the column more efficiently from the IV liner than with the larger volume liner, so there is less time for variations to occur, especially for later eluting compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Figure 12:<\/strong> Average %RSD for different peak parameters across various liner sizes and injection volumes.<\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<style>.kb-image45278_0acc81-f0 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image45278_0acc81-f0\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-12-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-24160\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-12-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-12-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-12-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-12-1536x877.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/figure-gnar4184-12.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table II:<\/strong> Liner with better reproducibility (statistically lower average %RSD values, p &lt; 0.05) for different peak parameters.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Liner ID<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Area<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Height<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Width<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Resolution<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Tailing<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0.5 \u00b5L injections (IV vs. smaller)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>smaller<\/td>\n<td>smaller<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1 \u00b5L injections (IV vs. larger)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Full capacity (IV vs. smaller)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mid-capacity (IV vs. larger)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>larger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>ND = no statistical difference (p &gt; 0.05)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"summary-section\">Overall Assessment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Table III summarizes the statistical results of all these experiments and provides a high-level evaluation of the effects of liner choice on chromatographic performance when using narrow-bore GC columns with splitless injection. Of the 50 comparisons, 43 (86%) showed the intermediate-volume IV liner provided improved (22\/50) or equivalent (21\/50) performance compared to smaller and larger volume liners. Results were most pronounced for area and height, which are critical for accurate peak identification and quantification. Effects were more varied for width, resolution, and symmetry, but these parameters can also be strongly affected by the other method conditions (isothermal temperatures, column phase, solubility, etc.) and elution time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on this data, IV liners will provide more balanced and improved chromatographic performance compared to smaller and larger volume liners. When using IV liners with narrow-bore columns, more sample can be injected compared to smaller liners, reducing the negative effects caused by solvent and liner capacity. In addition, compared to larger volume liners, the sample is introduced onto the column more quickly and in a narrower band, taking better advantage of the column\u2019s intrinsic high efficiency.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, the intermediate volume of IV liners contributes to fast, sensitive, and highly reproducible analyses, which allows labs to maximize the benefits of narrow-bore columns. Note that if you switch an existing method to a narrow-bore column, it is important to properly scale other method parameters to maintain peak separations. Restek\u2019s free, online <em>EZ<\/em>GC method translator is a quick and simple tool that can be used to generate properly translated method conditions for narrow-bore columns.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Table III:<\/strong> 86% (43\/50) of the experimental comparisons evaluated here showed better performance or no statistical difference when using an IV liner with narrow-bore columns.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" rowspan=\"2\" data-align=\"left\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" colspan=\"5\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Liner with Best Performance (p &lt; 0.05)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Increased Area<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Increased Height<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Decreased Width<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Increased Resolution<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Decreased Tailing<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" colspan=\"6\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Semivolatiles<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV vs. larger (1 \u00b5L)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\" data-align=\"center\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV vs. smaller (0.5 \u00b5L)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\" data-align=\"center\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" colspan=\"6\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>PAHs<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV vs. larger (1 \u00b5L)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\" data-align=\"center\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV vs. smaller (0.5 \u00b5L)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">smaller<\/td>\n<td>smaller<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" colspan=\"6\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Pesticides<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV vs. larger (1 \u00b5L)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\" data-align=\"center\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV vs. smaller (0.5 \u00b5L)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">smaller<\/td>\n<td>smaller<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" colspan=\"6\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Reproducibility<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV vs. larger (1 \u00b5L)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\" data-align=\"center\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">IV vs. smaller (0.5 \u00b5L)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\" data-align=\"center\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>smaller<\/td>\n<td>smaller<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Full capacity (smaller vs. IV)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\" data-align=\"center\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mid-capacity (larger vs. IV)<\/td>\n<td class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\" data-align=\"center\">IV<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #dfe9f5;\">IV<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>ND<\/td>\n<td>larger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>ND = no statistical difference (p &gt; 0.05)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n        <div 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              <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/27231\">Voir le produit<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303\">                                Catalog No. 23303                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">Insert Topaz, Gooseneck Splitless, 4.0\u00a0mm x 6.5 x 78.5, pour GC Agilent, avec laine de quartz, d\u00e9sactivation Premium, lot de 5<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/23303\">Voir le produit<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/49316\">                                Catalog No. 49316                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">Colonne capillaire Rxi-PAH, L 40 m, DI 0.18 mm, 0.07 \u00b5m<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            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                        <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32279\">Voir le produit<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32280\">                                Catalog No. 32280                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">Tributylphosphate, 1000 \u00b5g\/ml, ac\u00e9tone, ampoule de 1\u00a0ml<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32281\">Voir le produit<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32282\">                                Catalog No. 32282                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzotrifluorure, 1000 \u00b5g\/ml, ac\u00e9tone, ampoule de 1\u00a0ml<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/32282\">Voir le produit<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/13402\">                                Catalog No. 13402                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">Colonne capillaire Rxi-5ms, L 20\u00a0m, DI 0.18\u00a0mm, 0.18 \u00b5m<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/13402\">Voir le produit<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article investigates how intermediate-volume (IV) liners can improve chromatography and reproducibility when using narrow-bore columns for semivolatiles, PAH, and pesticides analysis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":7159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[787],"tags":[],"industries-application":[2230],"post-badge":[],"resource-type":[],"product-library":[2479,2480,2488,2492,2494,2482,2483],"resource-technique":[2324],"ppma_author":[454,599],"class_list":["post-45278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel","industries-application-umweltbereich","product-library-produkte-zur-luft-gasprobenahme","product-library-gaschromatographie-produkte","product-library-gasstandards-zubehor","product-library-gc-saulen","product-library-inlet-zubehor","product-library-referenzstandards","product-library-produkte-zur-probenvorbereitung","resource-technique-gaschromatographie-gc"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":787,"label":"Artikel"}],"industries-application":[{"value":2230,"label":"Umweltbereich"}],"product-library":[{"value":2479,"label":"Produkte 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