基于方法的 PFAS 分析耗材参考指南
全氟和多氟烷基物质(Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,PFAS)常被称为”永久化学品”,在环境中无处不在;同时,PFAS 也常见于实验室耗材乃至分析仪器之中,因此防止本底来源污染待测样品至关重要。
PFAS 化合物还可能具有较强的吸附倾向,易附着于采样和分析过程中常用的某些材料表面(如玻璃容器或移液管)。因此,样品流路中的每一个环节均需评估其引入本底 PFAS 化合物或吸附待测样品中已有 PFAS 的可能性。
PFAS 污染或吸附的风险使分析实验室耗材的选择颇具挑战,而各联邦机构发布的众多方法又进一步增加了复杂性——这些方法在目标物分析与非目标物分析中采用不同的样品前处理流程和分析产品。
当需测定自来水中处于或低于报告限(Reporting Limit)的痕量 PFAS 时,实验室耗材的选择难度进一步增加;而在分析现行政府方法或指南尚未涵盖的化合物(如短链和超短链 PFAS)时,挑战则更为突出。
下文的产品指南表格可简化适用产品的筛选,这些表格详细列出了适用于全球广泛认可的检测配置和方法的 PFAS 分析实验室耗材,例如 EPA 537.1(饮用水) 及 ASTM D7979-20(水、污泥、进水、出水和废水).
上述表格共同涵盖了美国机构(CDC、EPA、FDA 和 USDA)、欧洲机构(DIN)以及 ASTM、ISO 等国际标准组织发布的方法。
在选定认证实验室所用且符合方法要求的产品后,应对分析系统和耗材进行评估,以确认其不含目标物并满足方法所要求的分析水平,从而提高数据质量、获得可靠的 PFAS 检测数据。
Restek 可为 PFAS 检测实验室提供低本底、高质量的实验室耗材及专业技术支持,协助实验室依据众多对保护人类健康和环境健康至关重要的全球检测标准,分析传统类、替代类和超短链 PFAS。
可注册并 在线直接比较各方法的目标物清单和基质 或访问 www.restek.com/PFAS 浏览更多 PFAS 技术资源。
按方法分类的 PFAS 化学分析实验室耗材
下表列出了各水质检测和 PFAS 检测方法的推荐产品。在开展实验前,可使用 Restek 免费的在线 Pro EZLC 色谱模拟器,可在数分钟内完成 PFAS 方法建模。准确的 PFAS 分析是治理 PFAS 污染、保护水资源的关键第一步。
准确的 PFAS 分析是治理 PFAS 污染和保护水资源的第一步。
分析方法
| EPA 537.1 | EPA 533 | EPA 1633A | EPA OTM 45 | EPA 8327 | USDA CLG-PFAS 2.04 | CDC 6304.09 | US FDA C-010.03 | DIN EN 17892* | DIN 38407-42 | ISO 21675:2019 | ISO 23702-1:2023 | ASTM D7968-23 | ASTM D7979-20 | ASTM D8421-22 | |
| C18 色谱柱 | |||||||||||||||
| PFAS 延迟柱: 5 μm, 50 × 2.1 mm (货号:27854) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| PFAS 延迟柱: 5 μm, 50 × 3.0 mm (货号:580959, 定制产品) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Force C18 FPP 色谱柱: 1.8 μm, 50 × 2.1 mm(货号 9634252) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Raptor C18 SPP 色谱柱: 2.7 μm, 50 x 2.1 mm (货号 9304A52) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 点击查看更多规格的 C18 色谱柱. | |||||||||||||||
| 专用柱 | |||||||||||||||
| Raptor Polar X液相色谱柱,2.7 µm,50 x 2.1 mm(货号 9311A52) | 适用于采用等度方法的超短链(C1-C3)PFAS 分析。 查看方法! | ||||||||||||||
| Ultra IBD 惰性液相柱,3 µm,100 x 2.1 mm (货号 9175312-T) | 适用于采用梯度方法的超短链、短链、中链和长链 PFAS 分析(C1–C14)。查看方法! | ||||||||||||||
| 保护柱 | |||||||||||||||
| UltraShield UHPLC预柱过滤器,0.2 µm滤芯,单个装 (货号 25809) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| EXP直连保护柱套,用于EXP保护柱芯,包括接头和卡套 (货号 25808) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Raptor C18 EXP保护柱芯,2.7 µm,5 x 2.1 mm,3个装 (货号 9304A0252) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
注:所示部分产品可能与方法中的产品描述不完全一致。
*DIN EN 17892 在附录中列出了以下规格的色谱柱:Force C18 FPP 色谱柱:1.8 µm,100 x 3.0 mm(货号 963421E)以及 Raptor C18 SPP 色谱柱:2.7 µm,100 x 2.1 mm(货号 9304A12)。
样品处理
| 产品类别 | 描述 | EPA 537.1 | EPA 533 | EPA 1633A | EPA OTM 45 | EPA 8327 | USDA CLG-PFAS 2.04 | CDC 6304.09 | US FDA C-010.03 | DIN EN 17892 | DIN 38407-42 | ISO 21675: 2019 | ISO 23702-1:2023 | ASTM D7968-23 | ASTM D7979-20 | ASTM D8421-22 |
| 含颗粒物样品的预筛分或过滤 | ||||||||||||||||
| 针式滤器 | 30mm针头过滤器,0.45 µm,尼龙,粉色,100个/包 (cat.# 23981) | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – |
| 30mm针头过滤器,0.22 µm,尼龙,粉色,100个/包 (cat.# 23980) | – | – | X | – | X | – | – | X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | |
| 25mm针头过滤器,0.22 µm,聚丙烯,蓝色,鲁尔锁,100个/包 (cat.# 28935) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | |
| 玻璃棉 | 去活硼硅酸盐玻璃毛10g(cat.# 20789) | – | – | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 您在寻找过滤样品瓶吗?点击 此处浏览可用的材质和规格。 | ||||||||||||||||
| 样品采集、转移和提取 | ||||||||||||||||
| SPE (WAX) | Resprep PFAS SPE 小柱, 6 mL, WAX 150 mg/GCB 50 mg, 30个装 (货号 28930) | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 带助滤剂的Resprep PFAS SPE 小柱, 6 mL, 助滤剂, 2000 mg/WAX 150 mg/GCB 50 mg, 30个装 (货号 28931) | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Resprep聚合物SPE小柱,WAX,6 mL/500 mg,30 μm,30根装 (货号 28268) | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | |
| Resprep聚合物SPE小柱,WAX,6 mL/200 mg,30 μm,30根装 (货号 28292) | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | |
| 更多 WAX 固相萃取柱规格,请点击 此处 查看。 | ||||||||||||||||
| SPE (S-DVB) | Resprep S-DVB SPE小柱,6 mL/500 mg,30根装 (货号 28937) | X | – | – | – | – | – | * | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 聚丙烯样品储液器 | SPE空管,样品贮存器,75 mL,聚丙烯,12个装 (货号 26015) | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | – |
| 聚丙烯接头 | SPE连接器,1、3、6、10或15 mL,聚丙烯,15个装 (货号 26007) | X | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | X | X | X | – | – | – | – |
| QuEChERS 萃取盐 | 仅 Q-sep QuEChERS 萃取盐包,无缓冲 FDA 方法,6 g MgSO4,1.5 g NaCl,50 包 (货号 28898) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 更多 QuEChERS 产品,请点击 此处 查看。 | ||||||||||||||||
| 树脂 | SDVB清洁树脂, 100 g (货号 24230) | – | – | – | X | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 真空歧管 | Resprep QR-24固相萃取装置 (货号 28299-VM) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – |
| Resprep QR-12固相萃取装置(货号 28298-VM) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | |
| 真空泵 | Chemker 300 PTFE真空泵,20 L/min,AC110 V,50 Hz (货号 27426) | X | X | X | X | X | X | * | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – |
| Chemker 300 PTFE真空泵,18 L/min,AC220 V,50 Hz (货号 27427) | X | X | X | X | X | X | * | X | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | |
* CDC 方法基于使用 C8 或 C18 固相萃取(Solid Phase Extraction,SPE)材料的自动在线 SPE;所示产品推荐用于离线 SPE。更多 WAX SPE 小柱规格和 QuEChERS(Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe)产品见 restek.com。
通用实验室耗材
| EPA 537.1 | EPA 533 | EPA 1633A | EPA OTM 45 | EPA 8327 | USDA CLG-PFAS 2.04 | CDC 6304.09 | US FDA C-010.03 | DIN EN 17892 | DIN 38407-42 | ISO 21675:2019 | ISO 23702-1:2023 | ASTM D7968-23 | ASTM D7979-20 | ASTM D8421-22 | |
| 限量螺纹聚丙烯小瓶,9 mm,700 µL,12 x 32 mm,100个装 (货号 23243) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 限量螺纹聚丙烯小瓶,9 mm,700 µL,12 x 32 mm,1000个装 (货号 23246) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 2.0 mL,9 mm实心顶聚乙烯盖,螺纹,10密耳厚膜,透明,100个/包 (货号 23244) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 2.0 mL,9 mm实心顶聚乙烯盖,螺纹,10密耳厚膜,透明,1000个/包 (货号 23247) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 空离心管,50 mL,聚丙烯,带盖,50个/包 (货号 25846) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 空离心管,50 mL,聚丙烯,带盖,500个/包(货号 28290) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Norm Ject塑料注射器,10 mL鲁尔锁头,100个装 (货号 22775) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Norm Ject塑料注射器,5 mL鲁尔锁头,100个装 (货号 22774) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
注:所示部分产品可能与方法中的产品描述不完全一致。
某些 ASTM 方法要求使用玻璃注射器。Norm-Ject 塑料注射器由聚丙烯/聚乙烯制成,可作为替代选择使用。
按 EPA OTM-50(GC-MS)分析挥发性氟化合物(Volatile Fluorinated Compounds,VFC)的推荐产品
| EPA OTM-50 | |
| 产品 — 样品采集 / 运输 | |
| Silcocan空气采样罐,6 L,带3通Siltek处理的RAVE+阀,带压力表 (货号 27309) | X |
| Silcocan空气采样罐,6 L,带2通Siltek处理的RAVE+阀 (货号 27307) | X |
| Silcocan空气采样罐,6 L,无阀 (货号 22092) | X |
| TO-Can空气采样罐,6 L,带3通RAVE+阀,带压力表(货号 27319) | X |
| TO-Can空气采样罐,6 L,带2通RAVE+阀 (货号 27318) | X |
| TO-Can空气采样罐,6 L,无阀 (货号 22096) | X |
参考文献
- Restek Corporation, Guide to PFAS testing methods, a global survey of PFAS testing methods and guidelines, Technical article, EVAR3552C-UNV, 2024. https://www.restek.com/articles/guide-to-pfas-testing-methods
- S.H., Liang, J. A. Steimling, ,M. Chang Analysis of ultrashort-chain and short-chain (C1 to C4) per- and polyfluorinated substances in potable and non-potable waters. J. Chromatogr. Open 4 (100098) (2023) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcoa.2023.100098
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Method 537.1, Determination of selected per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in drinking water by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), November 2018. https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_file_download.cfm?p_download_id=537290&Lab=NERL
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Method 533, Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water by isotope dilution anion exchange solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, November 2019. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2019-12/documents/method-533-815b19020.pdf
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Method 1633, Revision A, Analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) in aqueous, solid, biosolids, and tissue samples by LC-MS/MS, December 2024. www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2024-12/method-1633a-december-5-2024-508-compliant.pdf
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Other Test Method-45 (OTM-45), Measurement of selected per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances from stationary sources, January 13, 2021. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-01/documents/otm_45_semivolatile_pfas_1-13-21.pdf
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Method 8327, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), July 2021. https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-07/8327.pdf
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Chemistry Laboratory Guidebook, CLG-PFAS 2.04, Screening, determination, and confirmation of PFAS by UHPLC-MS-MS, February 28, 2023. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/documents/CLG-PFAS2.04.pdf
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC 6304.09, Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, February 2019. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/public/2019/labmethods/PFAS-K-Met-508.pdf
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA C-010.02, Determination of 30 per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food and feed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), April 12, 2024. https://www.fda.gov/media/131510/download
- DIN EN 17892, Water quality-Determination of the sum of perfluorinated substances (Sum of PFAS) in drinking water – Method using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), September 2021.
- DIN 38407-42, German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge-Jointly determinable substances (group F)-Part 42: determination of selected polyfluorinated compounds (PFC) in water-Method using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection (HPLC/MS-MS)after solid-liquid extraction (F 42), March 2011.
- ISO 21675:2019, Water quality—Determination of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water—Method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 2019. https://www.iso.org/standard/71338.html
- ASTM D7968-23, Standard test method for determination of polyfluorinated compounds in soil by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), November 6, 2023.
https://www.astm.org/d7968-23.html - ASTM D7979-20, Standard test method for determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water, sludge, influent, effluent, and wastewater by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), September 3, 2020. https://www.astm.org/d7979-20.html
- ASTM D8421-22, Standard test method for determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous matrices by co-solvation followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) https://www.astm.org/d8421-22.html
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Other Test Method-50, OTM-50, Sampling and analysis of volatile fluorinated compounds from stationary sources using passivated stainless-steel canisters, January 2025. https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2025-01/otm-50-release-1-r1.pdf

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