{"id":43485,"date":"2021-01-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-13T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/uncategorized\/novel-stationary-phase-for-comprehensive-pfas-analysis-ultrashort-chain-c2-c3-alternative-and-legacy-compounds\/"},"modified":"2026-01-28T16:43:21","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T16:43:21","slug":"novel-stationary-phase-for-comprehensive-pfas-analysis-ultrashort-chain-c2-c3-alternative-and-legacy-compounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/articles-zh\/evfa3197\/novel-stationary-phase-for-comprehensive-pfas-analysis-ultrashort-chain-c2-c3-alternative-and-legacy-compounds","title":{"rendered":"Novel Stationary Phase for Comprehensive PFAS Analysis: Ultrashort-Chain (C2, C3), Alternative, and Legacy Compounds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unique stationary phase provides proper chromatographic retention of small, polar ultrashort-chain PFAS as well as short- and long-chain PFAS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fast and simple isocratic LC-MS\/MS method allows high-throughput PFAS analysis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consistent column performance ensures accurate results.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Current LC-MS\/MS methods for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) analysis are focused on short-chain (C4-C6), long-chain (C8 and up), and alternative or replacement compounds and do not include newly trending ultrashort-chain (C2 and C3) compounds. The ultrashort-chain PFAS are growing in importance because they are ubiquitous in environmental waters (e.g., rain, river, and groundwaters) and have been reported as being at least 40% of the total PFAS in water samples. Ultrashort-chain PFAS include trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA), perfluoroethane sulfonate (PFEtS), and perfluoropropane sulfonate (PFPrS), with TFA being the most abundant as well as one of the most difficult to analyze. True comprehensive PFAS analysis methods that provide reliable results for ultrashort-chain compounds (including TFA) as well as alternative and legacy PFAS are essential for water monitoring programs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The critical challenge encountered with TFA analysis is that it exhibits limited retention and\/or poor chromatography on reversed-phase columns and HILIC columns. Other columns that emphasize strong ion-exchange mechanisms can pose the opposite problem: too much retention and poor peak shapes. In contrast, TFA can be reliably retained and analyzed on Raptor Polar X columns because they contain a unique hybrid ligand that blends HILIC and ion-exchange retention mechanisms. As demonstrated here, a fast and simple LC-MS\/MS method was established for comprehensive PFAS analysis that includes C2, C3, C4, C6, C8, and alternative PFAS. Even longer-chain PFAS are possible, too. This method can be applied to both potable and non-potable water analysis and provides convenient setup and high throughput for labs interested in adding ultrashort-chain compounds to an existing PFAS assay.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article-top\"><div class=\"chromatogram-article-placeholder\"><div class=\"figure-heading\"><strong>Comprehensive analysis of ultra-short chain PFAS (C2,C3), conventional PFAS and alternative compounds.<\/strong><\/div><div class='chromatogram-article-inner-full'><div class=\"chromatogram-article-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"wp-block-custom-chromatogram-article\"><div class=\"chromatogram-image regular-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/lc_ev0569.png\" alt=\"Ultrashort- Through Long-Chain and Alternative PFAS on Raptor Polar X\" title=\"-\"><\/div><p class=\"article-id\" style=\"text-align:center\"> LC_EV0569<\/p><div class=\"chromatogram-peaks\"><h4>Peaks<\/h4><table class=\"peaks col-lg-6 col-12 peak-50\">\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Conc.<br \/>(ng\/L)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Precursor Ion<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Product Ion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td class=\"num\">1.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">11-Chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (11CL-PF3OUdS)<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.25<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">630.78<\/td><td class=\"oth\">450.80<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">2.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">9-Chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (9Cl-PF3ONS)<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.34<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">530.78<\/td><td class=\"oth\">350.85<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">3.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/1763-23-1\/Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.38<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">498.84<\/td><td class=\"oth\">79.97<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">4.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/355-46-4\/Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.49<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">398.90<\/td><td class=\"oth\">79.97<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">5.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/375-73-5\/Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.64<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">298.97<\/td><td class=\"oth\">79.97<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">6.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Perfluoropropanesulfonic acid (PFPrS)<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.73<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">248.97<\/td><td class=\"oth\">79.98<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">7.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Perfluoroethanesulfonic acid (PFEtS)<\/td><td class=\"oth\">1.86<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">198.98<\/td><td class=\"oth\">79.92<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n<table class=\"peaks col-lg-6 col-12 peak-50\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th style=\"text-align: left;width: 75px\">Peaks<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">t<sub>R<\/sub> (min)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Conc.<br \/>(ng\/L)<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Precursor Ion<\/th><th style=\"text-align: center;width: 75px\">Product Ion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">8.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/13252-13-6\/Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.06<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">284.97<\/td><td class=\"oth\">168.92<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">9.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/335-67-1\/Perfluorooctanoic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.11<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">412.90<\/td><td class=\"oth\">368.91<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">10.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate (ADONA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/919005-14-4\/Ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate (ADONA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.15<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">376.90<\/td><td class=\"oth\">250.93<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">11.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/307-24-4\/Perfluorohexanoic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.36<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">312.97<\/td><td class=\"oth\">268.90<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">12.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/375-22-4\/Perfluorobutanoic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">2.76<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">212.97<\/td><td class=\"oth\">168.97<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">13.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\">Perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA)<\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.06<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">163.03<\/td><td class=\"oth\">119.01<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"num\">14.<\/td><td class=\"cmpd\"><a class=\"cmpd_link\" title=\"View compound information for Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)\" href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/compound\/view\/en\/76-05-1\/Trifluoroacetic acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)<\/a><\/td><td class=\"oth\">3.77<\/td><td class=\"oth\">400<\/td><td class=\"oth\">113.03<\/td><td class=\"oth\">69.01<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-conditions\"><h4>Conditions<\/h4><div class=\"conditions-container container-fluid\"><div class=\"row\"><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Column<\/th><td>Raptor Polar X  (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/9311A52?utm_source=chromatograms&amp;utm_medium=link&amp;utm_campaign=LC_EV0569\" rel=\"noopener\">cat.# 9311A52<\/a>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Dimensions:<\/th><td>50 mm x 2.1 mm ID<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Particle Size:<\/th><td>2.7 \u00b5m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Temp.:<\/th><td>40 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Standard\/Sample<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Diluent:<\/th><td>50:50 Water:methanol<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Conc.:<\/th><td>400  ng\/L<\/td><\/tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Inj. Vol.:<\/th><td>10 \u00b5L <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mobile Phase<\/th><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">A:<\/th><td>Water, 10 mM ammonium formate, 0.05% formic acid   <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">B:<\/th><td>60:40 Acetonitrile:methanol, 0.05% formic acid <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><table class=\"cgram_ramp\"><thead><tr><th>Time (min)<\/th><th>Flow (mL\/min)<\/th><th>%A<\/th><th>%B<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>0.00<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>85<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8.00<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><td>15<\/td><td>85<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><\/table><table class=\"conditions col-lg-6 col-12\"><tr><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Detector<\/th><td>MS\/MS<\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Ion Mode:<\/th><td>ESI- <\/td><\/tr><tr><th class=\"sub conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Mode:<\/th><td>MRM <\/td><\/tr><tr class=\"cgram_header_row\"><th class=\"conditions_header\" scope=\"row\">Instrument<\/th><td>UHPLC<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"chromatogram-pdf-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ez.restek.com\/images\/cgram\/lc_ev0569.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 18\"><g data-name=\"Group 2996\"><path data-name=\"Rectangle 1246\" d=\"M0 0h18v18H0z\" style=\"fill: none;\"><\/path><\/g><g data-name=\"Group 2997\"><path data-name=\"Path 729\" d=\"M13.412 11.4v2.017H5.345V11.4H4v2.017a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345 1.345h8.068a1.349 1.349 0 0 0 1.345-1.345V11.4zm-.672-2.694-.948-.948-1.741 1.735V4H8.706v5.493L6.965 7.758l-.948.948 3.361 3.361z\" transform=\"translate(-.437 -.414)\" style=\"fill: rgb(13, 123, 196);\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this fast, isocratic LC-MS\/MS analysis, Raptor Polar X columns provide proper chromatographic retention of TFA and other small, polar ultrashort-chain PFAS as well as short- and long-chain PFAS.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[],"industries-application":[2163,2161,2165,2668],"post-badge":[],"resource-type":[2623],"product-library":[2391,2373],"resource-technique":[2299,2302],"ppma_author":[414],"class_list":["post-43485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-zh","industries-application-drinking-water-wastewater-testing","industries-application-environmental","industries-application-pfas-testing","industries-application-semivolatiles","resource-type-featured-application","product-library-lc-columns","product-library-liquid-chromatography-products","resource-technique-liquid-chromatography","resource-technique-ms-ms"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":786,"label":"\u6587\u7ae0"}],"industries-application":[{"value":2163,"label":"Drinking Water &amp; 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