{"id":76468,"date":"2018-07-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-07-19T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/?p=76468"},"modified":"2025-12-26T15:06:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T15:06:57","slug":"the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-mosh-moah-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/blogs\/gnbl5545\/the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-mosh-moah-analysis","title":{"rendered":"The Usage of Reference Standards in MOSH\/MOAH Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The unintended migration of mineral oil compounds into food, e.g from packing materials or from production processes are a raising topic in industry and scientific discussions. For a first screening, an LC-GC\/FID method was established in the last years. In collaboration with Axel Semrau, Restek has developed ready to use standards for quantification and and identification of the different fractions to be controlled. Saturated Hydrocarbons and Aromatic Hydrocarbons have to be cut of from LC fraction before transferred into the GC and the different areas which have to be taken into consideration have to be identified properly. The Blog entry gives an overview about how to use the different available standards correctly.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MOSH\/MOAH<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Food may be contaminated with mineral oil compounds by unintended migration from different sources. One of the most common sources for such an unintended contamination is coming out of recycled paperboards, but also during production processes such a failure may occure.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-01-1024x254.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77775\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-01-1024x254.png 1024w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-01-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-01-768x191.png 768w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-01.png 1334w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Due to their different toxicological capability, mineral oil compounds are subdivided into two fractions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MOSH:<\/strong>\u00a0Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons -saturated hydrocarbons -paraffines &amp; naphthenes (cyclic) -highly alkylated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MOAH:<\/strong>\u00a0Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons -highly alkylated mono- and polyaromatic compounds -also saturated ring linked to aromatic rings consistence often unknown<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The toxicity of both groups are described as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MOSH: \u2013accumulated in Human Tissue \u2013toxicological relevance unknown<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MOAH -most substances unknown and toxicological nonvaluated -carcinogenic potential can not be excluded -unaccepted risk -unaccepted in food<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The different toxicological risks have found its expressions in different legal restrictions, as to be found in the EU&nbsp;Commission&nbsp; Recommendation (EU) 2017\/84 of 16 January 2017&nbsp;or in the German Mineral Oil Regulation, wherein the&nbsp;concentration in&nbsp;<strong>food<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;contact material&nbsp;<\/strong>(recycling paper &amp; cardboard) is limited for&nbsp;<strong>MOAH<\/strong>&nbsp;to 6 mg\/kg or, if limits in the material does not comply, it has to be verified that limits in the&nbsp;<strong>food<\/strong>&nbsp;comply to&nbsp;<strong>MOAH<\/strong>&nbsp;C16-C35&nbsp; less than&nbsp; 0,5 mg\/kg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the MOSH fraction the ALARA Principle has to be applied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ALARA Principle<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013In Europe the ALARA principle is regulated by the European Food Safety Agency EFSA and translates to &#8220;As Low As Reasonably Achievable&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Analytical Aspects<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In both fractions, MOSH and MOAH, a tremendous amount of different compounds have to be covered with an analytical method. Therefore both fractions can only be described as a sum parameter method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to EFSA &#8220;Currently, the&nbsp;<strong>most efficient methods&nbsp;<\/strong>for analysis of MOSH and MOAH in food and feed comprise extraction followed by pre-separation by high performance liquid chromatography&nbsp;<strong>(HPLC) on-line coupled to GC&nbsp;<\/strong>with flame ionisation detection (<strong>FID<\/strong>).\u201d &#8211; EFSA Journal, 2012, 10(6):2704, is the best choice for this analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This method was first described by K. Grob and M. Biedermann from the Kantonales Labor Zurich. (BIEDERMANN M., GROB K. On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (HPLC-GC) for the analysis of mineral oil: Part 1: method of analysis. J. Chromatogr. A. 2012, 1255 pp. 56\u201375)&nbsp; and has found its way into a European norm via EN 16995:2017 (Foodstuffs&nbsp;\u2013 Vegetable oils and foodstuff on basis of vegetable oils&nbsp;\u2013 Determination of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons&nbsp;(MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons&nbsp;(MOAH) with on\u00adline HPLC\u00adGC\u00adFID analysis).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"220\" height=\"173\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77781\" title=\"-\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><br><br>Restek is accompanying the development of an automated system for the analysis of MOSH and MOAH of the German company&nbsp;Axel Semrau GmbH&nbsp;since years, adding our knowledge in separation science as well as in LC and GC but also by preparing the needed reference materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The method uses a &#8220;Normal Phase&#8221; HPLC with a Silica column to separate both fractions, MOSH and MOAH, from sample matrix, than transfers either the MOSH or the MOAH fraction as a large volume injection onto a 7 to 10 m retention gap, which uses solvent focusing and a solvent vapor vent to get rid of most of the used solvent.&nbsp;This approach delivers both fractions, MOSH and MOAH as a chromatographic hump, as shown in the chromatograms below. Both chromatograms were provided by&nbsp;Axel Semrau GmbH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-03.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77787\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-03.png 500w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-03-300x97.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sunflower Oil MOSH Fraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-04.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77793\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-04.png 500w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-04-300x97.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sunflower Oil MOAH Fraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reference Standards<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For quantification, to prevent losses of low boiling compounds and to make sure that the complete fraction was transferred to the GC, an internal standard (IS) is used. (Restek&nbsp;cat.# 31070). The 9 compounds included are used as shown in the chromatograms below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-05.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77799\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-05.png 700w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-05-300x97.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sunflower Oil MOSH fraction, spiked with IS, courtesy of\u00a0Axel Semrau GmbH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CyCy:&nbsp;Cyclohexyl Cyclohexane,&nbsp;standard for Quantification, not present in mineral oil products&nbsp;C13: Tridecane,&nbsp;proves no coelution with CyCy. Peak Identification. Has to be a peak pair with CyCy.&nbsp;C11: Undecane,&nbsp;detection of losses of volatile compounds&nbsp;Cho: Cholestane,&nbsp;end of MOSH Fraction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"701\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-06.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77805\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-06.png 701w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-06-300x97.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 701px) 100vw, 701px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sunflower Oil MOAH Fraction, spiked with IS, courtesy of\u00a0Axel Semrau GmbH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2-MN, 1-MN:&nbsp;1-\/2-Methylnaphtalene:&nbsp;standard for Quantification, peak pair for better identification&nbsp;5B: n-Pentylbezene:&nbsp;detection of losses of volatile compounds&nbsp;TBB: Tri-tert.-butylbenzene:&nbsp;start of MOAH Fraction&nbsp;PER: Perylene:&nbsp;end of MOAH fraction. Can be determined also with UV detection in automated approaches<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Different regulations are looking for different integration limits for the detection of the two fractions. Restek therefore has developed a Retention Time Standard (Restek cat.# 31076), This standard has to be run before and after every sequence to avoid retention time shifts and therefore wrong results by using the wrong integration limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The compounds are used as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C10 = lowest boiling compound to be detected C11 = Marker\u00a0out of Restek-Mix #31070 \u2013 retention time stability C13 = Internal Standard\u00a0out of\u00a0Restek-Mix #31070 \u2013 ret. Time stability C16 = requested boiling point limit for fraction quantification C20 = requested boiling point limit for fraction quantification C24 = nowadays requested boiling point limit for fraction quantification C25 = New supposed requested boiling point limit for fraction quantification.\u00a0If C24 or C25 will be used is not yet fully determined (both included gives future proof) C35 = requested boiling point limit for fraction quantification C40 = todays detection limit C50 = desired new detection limit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"501\" src=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-07-1024x501.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-77811\" title=\"-\" srcset=\"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-07-1024x501.png 1024w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-07-300x147.png 300w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-07-768x376.png 768w, https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/blog-the-usage-of-reference-standards-in-moshmoah-analysis-07.png 1335w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MOSH\/MOAH Analysis helps to improve our Food Quality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n        <div class=\"cpb\">\n            <h3 class=\"cpb-heading\">Products Mentioned<\/h3>\n            <hr class=\"cpb-heading-underline\" \/>\n            <div class=\"cpb-list\">\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31070\">                                Catalog No. 31070                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">MOSH\/MOAH Standard, 150-600 \u00b5g\/mL, Toluene, 1 mL\/ampul<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31070\">\u67e5\u770b\u4ea7\u54c1<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cpb-item\">\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--left\">\n                            <a class=\"cpb-catalog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31076\">                                Catalog No. 31076                            <\/a>                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--middle\">\n                            <div class=\"cpb-title\">MOSH\/MOAH Retention Time Standard, 100 \u00b5g\/mL, Cyclohexane, 1 mL\/ampul<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"cpb-col cpb-col--right\">\n                                                            <a class=\"cpb-view-btn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/p\/31076\">\u67e5\u770b\u4ea7\u54c1<\/a>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        \n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract The unintended migration of mineral oil compounds into food, e.g from packing materials or from production processes are a raising topic in industry and scientific discussions. For a first screening, an LC-GC\/FID method was established in the last years&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"industries-application":[],"post-badge":[],"resource-type":[],"product-library":[],"resource-technique":[],"ppma_author":[589],"class_list":["post-76468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blogs"],"acf":[],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":9,"label":"Blogs"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"Hansj\u00f6rg Majer, PhD","author_link":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/author\/hansjoerg-majer\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":9,"name":"Blogs","slug":"blogs","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":9,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":438,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":9,"category_count":438,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Blogs","category_nicename":"blogs","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"authors":[{"term_id":589,"user_id":49,"is_guest":0,"slug":"hansjoerg-majer","display_name":"Hansj\u00f6rg Majer, PhD","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76468"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77817,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76468\/revisions\/77817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76468"},{"taxonomy":"industries-application","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industries-application?post=76468"},{"taxonomy":"post-badge","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post-badge?post=76468"},{"taxonomy":"resource-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-type?post=76468"},{"taxonomy":"product-library","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product-library?post=76468"},{"taxonomy":"resource-technique","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-technique?post=76468"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/discover.restek.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=76468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}